Evaluation of the lymphocyte population and placental inflammation in pregnant patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 forms - a secondary analysis.

Aim: In this secondary analysis, we aimed to characterize the lymphocytes population and placental inflammation in pregnant women with moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) forms.

Patients, Materials And Methods: In the analysis of this prospective evaluation, we included 26 pregnant women at term with moderate and severe COVID-19 forms that were evaluated in a tertiary maternity center in a one-year timeframe. Clinical data, along with blood immunophenotyping results and placental histopathological examinations were comparatively evaluated between two study groups depending on the COVID-19 severity: Group 1 (moderate COVID-19, n=14 patients) and Group 2 (severe COVID-19, n=12 patients).

Conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and prediction of its progression - a retrospective study.

Aim: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) evolution is controversial, and some of them regress spontaneously in a two-year follow-up. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the percentage of CIN2 progression or persistence during a 24-month follow-up, using clinical predictors such as human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype and cytology results.

Patients, Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study and included patients of reproductive age who had a new diagnosis of CIN2 who were monitored for lesion regression (Group 1, n=72 patients), and progression or persistence (Group 2, n=36 patients).

Repetitive Self-Inflicted Craniocerebral Injury in a Patient with Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Self-inflicted penetrating injuries in patients with mental disorders are a rare phenomenon. The authors report the case of a prisoner who recurrently presented to the emergency department over a period of four years for self-insertion of six metal foreign bodies into the skull. Computed tomography each time revealed the presence of a metal foreign body (screw, nail, metal rod, and wire) passing through the frontal bone into the frontal lobe.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) with fallopian tube involvement.

Introduction: Literature data present new studies about precancerous lesions of pelvic serous carcinoma that originate from the tubal secretory cells. It has long been thought that ovarian cancer cannot be prevented by prophylactic screening or surgery. In recent years, gynecologists have adapted to new principles and so, during routine hysterectomies in perimenopausal women for benign uterine pathologies, salpingo-oophorectomy is performed as a prophylactic approach.

Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of atypical meningiomas with bone invasion: a retrospective analysis of nine cases and literature review.

Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary neoplasms of the central nervous system in adults, arising from the arachnoid cap cells. Thus, grade 2 meningiomas are situated on the border between benignity and malignancy. Among the many prognostic factors that have been investigated in these tumors, bone invasion is one of them.

Humps and bumps of head: review of meningiomas of the scalp.

Meningiomas are a type of tumor that arises from meningothelial cells and primarily develops in intracranial space, being some of the most common benign tumors of the central nervous system. However, meningiomas can rarely occur on the scalp and are called primary cutaneous meningiomas. Since the pathogenesis of these lesions is still uncertain, these tumors still pose challenges in terms of histopathological diagnosis.

Cerebellar Abscess Secondary to Cholesteatomatous Otomastoiditis-An Old Enemy in New Times.

Chronic otitis with cholesteatoma is a potentially dangerous disease that can lead to the development of intracranial abscesses. Although cerebellar abscess is half as common as cerebral abscess, it is known for its particularly difficult diagnosis, which requires the visualization of the pathological process continuity from the mastoid to the posterior fossa. In this article, we present an extremely rare case from the literature of cholesteatomatous otomastoiditis complicated with meningitis and cerebellar abscess, along with the description of technical surgical details for the plugging of the bony defect between the mastoid and posterior fossa with muscle and surgical glue.

A cases series of endovascular and microsurgical combined treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Objective: Our scientific paper is aimed at describing multimodal treatment of intracranial aneurysms represented by microsurgery and endovascular therapy.

Patients, Materials And Methods: We report four cases of intracranial aneurysms treated in our Department of Neurosurgery by microsurgery (clipping) and endovascular treatment (coiling), through the joint efforts of a team of highly skilled neurosurgeons.

Results: Mixed treatment has been imposed by the complications we were presented with, resulting from either of the two surgical methods employed.

Predictor factors for recurrence in atypical meningiomas.

Background And Objectives: Atypical meningiomas (AMs), World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2, are a group of tumors with uneven and unpredictable clinical behavior. Our aim was to analyze possible tumor recurrence predictors, and to identify factors that improve progression-free survival (PFS).

Patients, Materials And Methods: Our retrospective study included 81 patients followed up in the Prof.

Depiction of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) in Diabetes with a Focus on Diabetic Microvascular Complications.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) still holds the title as one of the most debilitating chronic diseases with rising prevalence and incidence, including its complications such as retinal, renal, and peripheral nerve disease. In order to develop novel molecules for diagnosis and treatment, a deep understanding of the complex molecular pathways is imperative. Currently, the existing agents for T2DM treatment target only blood glucose levels.

The Evolution of Pituitary Gland Surgery from the Ancients to the Millennials.

Located at the base of the skull, the pituitary gland has a long and controversial history, not only in terms of its anatomy, but especially in the functions it performs and in the attempt to approach it surgically. Considered by Galen of Pergamon to have a role in releasing waste products of the brain, a theory accepted until the 17th century, the pituitary gland became a separate entity once with the anatomical descriptions of the famous Andreas Vesalius. At the beginning of the 18th century, researches of the time began to be more and more interested in this gland, trying to identify its functions, and at the same time correcting the traditional theories that were wrong or incomplete.

Brain Tuberculosis: An Odyssey through Time to Understand This Pathology.

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that has been a concern for humanity throughout history, being recognized and referred to as the white plague. Since ancient times, starting with Hippocrates and Galen of Pergamon, doctors and scientists have attempted to understand the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and its manifestations in the brain. If, in the medieval period, it was believed that only the touch of a king could cure the disease, it was only in the early 17th and 18th centuries that the first descriptions of tuberculous meningitis and the first clinico-pathological correlations began to emerge.

Epidemiological and pathological characteristics of spinal metastases from gastrointestinal cancers - a series of 40 cases.

Spinal metastases from gastrointestinal (GI) cancer are rare and as a result there are only case reports or small series in the literature. The aim of our work was to identify the demographic aspects, the location, and the histopathological aspects of spinal metastases from GI cancers diagnosed and treated in a reference Hospital in Romania over a period of nine years, and comparing the data obtained with those from the recent literature. This is a retrospective case series study on spinal metastases from GI cancers, developed in patients older than 18 years that were surgically treated between January 2013 and December 2021 within three Neurosurgery Clinics from Prof.

Complete oculomotor nerve palsy - first manifestation of gastric adenocarcinoma: clinical experience and literature review.

The diagnosis and management of the alteration of the normal function of the oculomotor nerve (third cranial nerve) varies depending on the characteristics of the paralysis, the age of the patient, and the associated symptoms and signs. Oculomotor nerve palsy may be caused by lesions located anywhere from the oculomotor nucleus to the termination of the third nerve in the extraocular muscles. Although there have been significant advances in neuroimaging to facilitate early diagnosis, the management of a patient presenting with isolated oculomotor palsy is still challenging.

Current Challenges in the Treatment of the Omphalocele-Experience of a Tertiary Center from Romania.

Unlabelled: Omphalocele is a congenital abdominal wall defect with a constant incidence in recent decades, sometimes representing a real burden for neonatal intensive care units due to prolonged hospitalization and the evolution to death. In our study, we aimed to detect the main risk factors of an unfavorable evolution in the case of omphalocele.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all neonates with omphalocele treated in our tertiary pediatric hospital during the last three decades; from 158 patients, 139 patients were eligible for the study.

Oxidative Stress and NRF2/KEAP1/ARE Pathway in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD): New Perspectives.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most debilitating chronic diseases worldwide, with increased prevalence and incidence. In addition to its macrovascular damage, through its microvascular complications, such as Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), DM further compounds the quality of life of these patients. Considering DKD is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed countries, extensive research is currently investigating the matrix of DKD pathophysiology.

Contribution of Oxidative Stress (OS) in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD): From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, with increased prevalence and incidence. The underlying mechanisms behind CAVD are complex, and are mainly illustrated by inflammation, mechanical stress (which induces prolonged aortic valve endothelial dysfunction), increased oxidative stress (OS) (which trigger fibrosis), and calcification of valve leaflets. To date, besides aortic valve replacement, there are no specific pharmacological treatments for CAVD.

Skin Dialogues in Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disorder associated with significant quality-of-life impairment and increased risk for allergic and non-allergic comorbidities. The aim of this review is to elucidate the connection between AD and most common comorbidities, as this requires a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. Advances in understanding these associations could lead to the development of highly effective and targeted treatments.

Diagnosis Difficulties and Minimally Invasive Treatment for Ovarian Masses in Adolescents.

About 1% of childhood tumors can be malignant ovarian tumors and differential diagnosis with benign ones is sometimes difficult before surgery. Concerning the management of such tumors in adolescents for which future fertility is a concern, there is specific interest in their malignant potential and the possible use of ovarian-sparing operative techniques, as well the suitability of chemotherapy. To exemplify the difficulties of preoperative differential diagnosis, personalized approach and the difficulties of deciding to preserve the affected ovary, we report a rare case of a 14-year-old female adolescent with a growing abdominal painless mass and without any other chronic diseases.

Clinical and immunohistopathological study of conjunctival melanocytic lesions in pediatric and adolescent patients. A case series.

Background: Conjunctival pigmented neoplasia can be benign, premalignant or malignant tumors. Our study aims to establish the epidemiological, gross morphological and immunohistopathological features of the conjunctival pigmented lesions in pediatric and adolescent patients (<18 years), to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Patients, Material And Methods: This is a retrospective case series study conducted within two Ophthalmology Clinics from Iaşi, Romania, on seven pediatric and adolescent patients.

Oxidative Stress in Arterial Hypertension (HTN): The Nuclear Factor Erythroid Factor 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway, Implications and Future Perspectives.

Arterial hypertension (HTN) is one of the most prevalent entities globally, characterized by increased incidence and heterogeneous pathophysiology. Among possible etiologies, oxidative stress (OS) is currently extensively studied, with emerging evidence showing its involvement in endothelial dysfunction and in different cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as HTN, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. While there is a clear physiological equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants essential for many cellular functions, excessive levels of ROS lead to vascular cell impairment with decreased nitric oxide (NO) availability and vasoconstriction, which promotes HTN.

Morphological aspects of the vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during prenatal edification of the circle of Willis: a review.

In the literature, there are many articles reporting anatomical variations of circle of Willis (CoW), defined as those changes that lead to the inability of this anastomotic structure to maintain adequate brain flow. Because there is such a wide variation in the configuration of the CoW, its anatomical variations affect the hemodynamics of blood flow, thus contributing to the development of aneurysms or stroke. As such, we consider that a good knowledge of the embryological development of the constituent arteries of the CoW can shed some light on the causes of the appearance of its anatomical variants.

Unusual Case of Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy in Adolescence-Case Report and Literature Overview.

Unilateral hypertrophy of the masseter muscle is a very rare pathological entity in children. Its etiology is uncertain and it requires a high degree of suspicion, as it must be differentiated from other conditions of the masseter area. As there are few pathological studies to elucidate this condition, we report a rare case of unilateral masseter muscle hypertrophy in a 16-year-old female patient with gradual onset of a painless swelling in the posterior left cheek which caused facial asymmetry with repercussions on the patient's self-image.