Perineal Trauma in a Low-risk Maternity with High Prevalence of Upright Position during the Second Stage of Labor.

Objective:  Perineal trauma is a negative outcome during labor, and until now it is unclear if the maternal position during the second stage of labor may influence the risk of acquiring severe perineal trauma. We have aimed to determine the prevalence of perineal trauma and its risk factors in a low-risk maternity with a high incidence of upright position during the second stage of labor.

Methods:  A retrospective cohort study of 264 singleton pregnancies during labor was performed at a low-risk pregnancy maternity during a 6-month period.

Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in obese pregnant women.

Background And Objective: The use of metformin throughout gestation by women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly reduces the number of first-trimester spontaneous abortions and the rate of occurrence of gestational diabetes and hypertensive syndromes. Metformin is taken up into renal tubular cells by organic cation transport 2 (OCT2) and eliminated unchanged into the urine. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of T2DM on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in obese pregnant women and in a control group of non-diabetic obese pregnant women with PCOS.

Metformin pharmacokinetics in nondiabetic pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: The use of metformin throughout gestation by pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) significantly reduces the number of first trimester spontaneous abortions and the rate of occurrence of gestational diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and the placental transfer of metformin in pregnant women with PCOS.

Patients And Methods: Eight pregnant women with PCOS taking 850 mg metformin every 12 h during the third trimester of pregnancy were evaluated.

Stereoselective analysis of labetalol in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to pharmacokinetics.

Labetalol is clinically available as a mixture of two racemates (four stereoisomers). The stereoisomer (R,R) has as main activity the beta1-antagonism and the stereoisomer (S,R) is highly selective for the alpha1 adrenoceptor and is responsible for most of the alpha-blocker activity. In the present investigation, a method for the analysis of labetalol stereoisomers in human plasma was developed and applied to pharmacokinetic studies.