Polyphenol-rich diets improve glucose metabolism in people at high cardiometabolic risk: a controlled randomised intervention trial.

Aim/hypothesis: Dietary polyphenols and long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3) are associated with lower cardiovascular risk. This may relate to their influence on glucose metabolism and diabetes risk. We evaluated the effects of diets naturally rich in polyphenols and/or LCn3 of marine origin on glucose metabolism in people at high cardiometabolic risk.

Effects of baked products enriched with n-3 fatty acids, folates, β-glucans, and tocopherol in patients with mild mixed hyperlipidemia.

Objective: To assess whether a diet containing foods enriched with β-glucans (3.6 g/d), folic acid (1600 μg/d), long-chain (800 mg/d) and short-chain (400 mg/d) n-3 fatty acids, and tocopherols (120 mg/d) is able to modulate positively the cardiovascular risk profile in people at slightly increased cardiovascular risk.

Methods: Sixteen subjects with mild plasma lipid abnormalities were studied according to a randomized crossover design.

Liver fat in obesity: role of type 2 diabetes mellitus and adipose tissue distribution.

Background: Fatty liver is commonly associated with insulin-resistant conditions, often related to increased abdominal visceral fat. Our objective was to elucidate the specific roles of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistance and abdominal fat distribution.

Materials And Methods: The study population comprised 13 diabetic obese (DO), 10 nondiabetic obese (NDO), and nine normal-weight control (C) men aged 28-65 years, with normal plasma triglyceride levels.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by reduced postprandial adiponectin response: a possible link with diabetic postprandial dyslipidemia.

We investigated postprandial plasma and adipose tissue (AT) adiponectin changes in relation to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fasting and 6 hours after a standard fat-rich meal blood samples (adiponectin, glucose, insulin, lipids) and needle biopsies of abdominal subcutaneous AT (adiponectin messenger RNA, lipoprotein lipase activity) were taken in 10 obese diabetic (OD), 11 obese nondiabetic (OND), and 11 normal-weight control (C) men. The OD and OND subjects had similar adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference) and insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp).

Effects of a plant-based high-carbohydrate/high-fiber diet versus high-monounsaturated fat/low-carbohydrate diet on postprandial lipids in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: To search for a better dietary approach to treat postprandial lipid abnormalities and improve glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients.

Research Design And Methods: According to a randomized crossover design, 18 type 2 diabetic patients (aged 59 +/- 5 years; BMI 27 +/- 3 kg/m(2)) (means +/- SD) in satisfactory blood glucose control on diet or diet plus metformin followed a diet relatively rich in carbohydrates (52% total energy), rich in fiber (28 g/1,000 kcal), and with a low glycemic index (58%) (high-carbohydrate/high-fiber diet) or a diet relatively low in carbohydrate (45%) and rich in monounsaturated fat (23%) (low-carbohydrate/high-monounsaturated fat diet) for 4 weeks. Thereafter, they shifted to the other diet for 4 more weeks.

Management of type 2 diabetic patients attending diabetic outpatient clinics compared with those cared for by the general practitioners: an experience of integrated diabetes management.

To improve the quality of diabetes care, a project of integrated diabetes management (PIDM) involving some general practitioner (GPs) has been recently undertaken. The purpose of this study is to compare features and treatment of patients followed by diabetic outpatient clinics (DOCs) with those cared for by GPs trained to the PIDM. Twenty-one DOCs and eleven GPs participated in the study.

Postprandial chylomicrons and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase are altered in type 2 diabetes independently of obesity and whole-body insulin resistance.

Background And Aims: Postprandial lipoprotein abnormalities in type 2 diabetes are associated with insulin resistance. The role of other diabetes-related factors is still not clear. The aim of this study is to differentiate the effects of whole-body insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes on postprandial dyslipidaemia and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue.

Effects of monounsaturated vs. saturated fat on postprandial lipemia and adipose tissue lipases in type 2 diabetes.

Background: The effects of different dietary fatty acids on postprandial lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients are still debated.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of monounsaturated (MUFA) vs. saturated fat (SAFA)-rich diets on postprandial lipemia and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in type 2 diabetes.

Insulin resistance is independently associated with postprandial alterations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To evaluate the role of insulin resistance in development of postprandial dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients in an experimental setting in which these patients were compared with nondiabetic subjects at similar glucose and insulin blood levels.

Methods And Results: Eight type 2 diabetic patients in optimal blood glucose control and 7 control subjects (aged 50.0+/-2.

Exogenous and endogenous postprandial lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients with optimal blood glucose control and optimal fasting triglyceride levels.

The aim of this study was to evaluate exogenous and endogenous lipoprotein responses to a standard fat-rich meal in type 2 diabetic patients with optimal fasting triglyceridemia and optimal blood glucose control. Seven type 2 diabetic patients and five nondiabetic controls (age, 49 +/- 7 and 48 +/- 4 yr; body mass index, 28.3 +/- 3.

Type of dietary fat and insulin resistance.

Animal studies have already shown the possibility to modulate insulin action by changing not only the amount of total fat, but also the type of fat. In these studies, saturated fat significantly increased insulin resistance, long- and short-chain omega(3) fatty acids significantly improved it, whereas the effects of monounsaturated and omega(6) polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged somewhere in between the two. A recent multicenter study (the Kanwu study) on humans has shown that shifting from a diet rich in saturated fatty acids to one rich in monounsaturated fat improved insulin sensitivity in healthy people, while a moderate omega(3) supplementation did not affect it; this second finding confirms previous results in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia.