Prebiotic and Synbiotic Modifications of Beta Oxidation and Lipogenic Gene Expression after Experimental Hypercholesterolemia in Rat Liver.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the presence of fat in hepatocytes because of decreased β-oxidation and increased lipogenesis. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotic have modulatory effects on intestinal microbiota and may influence the gut-liver axis. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of prebiotic, probiotics, and synbiotic on liver histopathology and gene expression related to β-oxidation and lipogenesis after hypercholesterolemia.

Influence of intestinal microbiota on body weight gain: a narrative review of the literature.

In recent decades, experimental and clinical studies have associated the development of obesity with the composition of the gut microbiota. Mechanisms potentially involved in the contribution of gut microbiota to body weight gain include changes in energy extraction from the diet and the modulation of lipid metabolism, endocrine functions, and the immune system. The host's specific genetic heritage, the type and amount of food intake, chronic inflammation, reduced body energy expenditure, and exposure to obesogenic pollutants are also potential contributing factors.

TGF-β1 expression in wound healing is acutely affected by experimental malnutrition and early enteral feeding.

Malnutrition is associated with the delay or failure of healing. We assessed the effect of experimental malnutrition and early enteral feeding with standard diet or diet supplemented with arginine and antioxidants on the levels of mRNA encoding growth factors in acute, open wound healing. Standardised cutaneous dorsal wounds and gastrostomies for enteral feeding were created in malnourished (M, n = 27) and eutrophic control (E, n = 30) Lewis male adult rats.

Short-term specialized enteral diet fails to attenuate malnutrition impairment of experimental open wound acute healing.

Objective: We assessed the effect of enteral refeeding on the morphology, gene expression, and contraction of acute open wounds in previously malnourished rats using two different enteral diets.

Methods: Adult male isogenic Lewis rats divided into two groups (eutrophic, n = 30; and previously malnourished, 12-15% body weight loss, n = 27) were subjected to cutaneous dorsal wounds and gastrostomy. Control rats received a standard oral diet (AIN-93M chow) plus enteral saline solution.

Immunohistochemical assessment of mucosal cytokine profile in acetic acid experimental colitis.

Unlabelled: Experimental colitis induced by acetic acid has been used extensively as a model for intestinal inflammatory disease. Colonic tissue lesions of intestinal inflammatory disease patients seem to be related to the increased local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma).

Purpose: To assess the cytokine expression pattern identified through immunohistochemistry in colonic mucosa after experimental colitis induced by acetic acid and establish the relationship between this pattern and the presence of macroscopic lesions.

A new swivel model for parenteral and enteral infusion in rats.

Background: In experimentation with rats submitted to enteral and parenteral infusions for medium to long periods it is necessary to use swivels. With the objective of developing a new biocompatible, safe, efficient, and low cost swivel, the medical and engineering teams of the University of São Paulo joined forces.

Material And Methods: After defining the characteristics and criteria for the mechanical design, the new swivel was developed and bench tested for flow, rotation and sealing.