Hydrogel-Containing Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Action, Evaluation of Wound Healing, and Bioaccumulation in Wistar Rats.

Wound infections are feared complications due to their potential to increase healthcare costs and cause mortality since multidrug-resistant bacteria reduce treatment options. This study reports the development of a carbomer hydrogel containing biogenic silver nanoparticles (bioAgNPs) and its effectiveness in wound treatment. This hydrogel showed in vitro bactericidal activity after 2 h, according to the time-kill assay.

Response of biomarkers to metals, hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides contamination in crabs (Callinectes ornatus and C. bocourti) from two tropical estuaries (São José and São Marcos bays) of the Maranhão State (northeastern Brazil).

Response of biomarkers to chemical contamination was evaluated in crabs of the Callinectes genus (Callinectes ornatus and C. bocourti) from two tropical estuaries (São José and São Marcos bays) of the Maranhão State (northeastern Brazil). Biomarkers evaluated included hepatopancreatic metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Modulation of the innate immune response, antioxidant system and oxidative stress during acute and chronic stress in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus).

Stress is an energy-demanding process, as well as the responses of the innate immune system, that impose a metabolic overload on cellular energy production, which can affect the cellular redox balance, causing oxidative damage. We evaluated the role of stress in the modulation of innate immune and oxidative/antioxidant mechanisms in juvenile pacu exposed to acute and chronic stressors. The experimental period lasted 30 days, and fish (113.

Is glyphosate toxic to bees? A meta-analytical review.

Glyphosate (GLY) is an herbicide widely used in agriculture. First considered as non-toxic or slightly toxic to bees, GLY and its different formulations have shown, more recently, to affect negatively the survival, development and behavior of these insects, even when used in doses and concentrations recommended by the manufacturer. Thus, the results of research on the toxicity of GLY to bees are often conflicting, which makes a meta-analysis interesting for data integration, generating a statistically reliable result.

An integrated approach in subtropical agro-ecosystems: Active biomonitoring, environmental contaminants, bioaccumulation, and multiple biomarkers in fish.

Aquatic contamination in agricultural areas is a global problem, characterized by a complex mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants whose effects on biota are unpredictable and poorly investigated. In this context, in the present study, the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus was confined in situ for 120 days in two sites with different levels of anthropic impact: 1) a fish hatchery station, within the State University of Londrina (reference site - REF) and 2) an agro-ecosystem area in one of the most productive regions of southern Brazil (experimental site - EXP). We evaluated multiple biomarkers at different levels of biological organization, such as biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damages, DNA damages and liver histopathology.

The pyrethroid λ-cyhalothrin induces biochemical, genotoxic, and physiological alterations in the teleost Prochilodus lineatus.

The λ-cyhalothrin (CL) is a globally used pyrethroid insecticide that has been detected in different water bodies worldwide. However, studies on the effects of CL on freshwater fishes are still incipient. In this context, we evaluated the acute effects of a commercial formulation containing CL (Karate Zeon CS 50) in juveniles of the teleost Prochilodus lineatus exposed for 96 h to four concentrations of the active ingredient (5, 50, 250 and 500 ng.

Reactive oxygen species and other biochemical and morphological biomarkers in the gills and kidneys of the Neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus, exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles.

This study investigated the action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs), on the gills and kidneys of Neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus, with emphasis on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant responses, and morphological changes. Fish were exposed to 1, 5, 10, and 50 mg L nominal TiO-NPs suspended into water for 2 or 14 days. In gills, ROS decreased and glutathione (GSH) increased after 2 days, while ROS and GSH increased and superoxide dismutase activity decreased after 14 days.

Triple-mixture of Zn, Mn, and Fe increases bioaccumulation and causes oxidative stress in freshwater neotropical fish.

Metal bioaccumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined in Prochilodus lineatus to understand the effects of short-term exposure to a triple-mixture of Zn, Mn, and Fe. Three independent tests were carried out, in which fish were exposed to 3 concentrations of Zn (0.18, 1.

DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid exposure in different tissues of the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus.

Imidacloprid (IMI), a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in worldwide scale, is reported in freshwater bodies. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information about IMI sublethal effects on freshwater fish. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the potential hazard of this insecticide to the South American fish Prochilodus lineatus exposed for 120 h to four IMI concentrations (1.

Characterization of MXR activity in the sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum exposed to copper.

Transmembrane proteins of the ABC family contribute to a multiple xenobiotic resistance (MXR) phenotype in cells, driving the extrusion of toxic substances. This phenotype promotes a high degree of protection against xenobiotics. The present study provides a better understanding of the MXR activity in the podal disk cells of Bunodosoma cangicum exposed to copper, and further establishes the relationship between protein activity (measured by accumulation of rhodamine-B) and bioaccumulation of copper in these cells.

Biomarkers in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea confined downstream a domestic landfill leachate discharge.

Landfills represent a severe environmental problem mainly due to the generation of leachates, and this study aimed to evaluate sublethal effects of a domestic landfill leachate in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Clams were submitted to in situ tests along a stream, at three sites, representing increasing distances from the leachate discharge (Pq1, Pq2, and Pq3), for 1, 5, and 15 days. The following biomarkers were analyzed in the gills and digestive glands: 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, multixenobiotic resistance mechanism (MXR), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO).

Genetic and biochemical effects induced by iron ore, Fe and Mn exposure in tadpoles of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus.

For decades, the extraction of minerals has intensified in order to meet the demand of industry. Iron ore deposits are important sources of metals, such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The particulate ores can be dispersed during extraction, transport and storage, with potential to induce biological impacts.

Nanoencapsulation Enhances the Post-Emergence Herbicidal Activity of Atrazine against Mustard Plants.

Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) nanocapsules have been recently developed as a modified release system for atrazine, an herbicide that can have harmful effects in the environment. Here, the post-emergence herbicidal activity of PCL nanocapsules containing atrazine was evaluated using mustard (Brassica juncea) as target plant species model. Characterization of atrazine-loaded PCL nanocapsules by nanoparticle tracking analysis indicated a concentration of 7.