Tetraspanin32 (TSPAN32) is downregulated in rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence from animal models and patients.

This study aimed to investigate the role of TSPAN32, a member of the tetraspanin family, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective was to assess the expression levels of TSPAN32 in experimental RA models and in RA patient immune cells, exploring its potential as a regulatory factor in RA pathogenesis. The study employed adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice as experimental models.

High Interleukin 21 Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Clinical Variables and rs2221903 Polymorphism.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and diverse tissue and organ inflammatory affections. Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is implicated in B cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, class switching, and immunoglobulin production; therefore, it is considered a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, its association with disease activity and clinical phenotypes remains unclear.

Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Despite advances in understanding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), many challenges remain in unraveling the precise mechanisms behind the disease's development and progression. Recent evidence has questioned the role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in suppressing autoreactive CD4 T cells during autoimmune responses. Research has investigated the potential impacts of PD-1 on various CD4 T-cell subpopulations, including T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, all of which exhibit substantial PD-1 expression and are closely related to several autoimmune disorders, including SLE.

BAFF system expression in double negative 2, activated naïve and activated memory B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: B cell activating factor (BAFF) has an important role in normal B cell development. The aberrant expression of BAFF is related with the autoimmune diseases development like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for promoting self-reactive B cells survival. BAFF functions are exerted through its receptors BAFF-R (BR3), transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are reported to have differential expression on B cells in SLE.

Evaluation of Serum Levels of Cytokines in Acute Apical Abscess: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Introduction: Cytokine levels are related to the aethiopathogenia of acute apical abscesses (AAA); however, the specific cytokine profiles in these cases are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in systemic cytokine levels in patients with AAA and trismus onset, postantibiotic treatment, and postroot canal disinfection.

Methods: In total, 46 AAA patients with trismus and 32 control subjects were included.

Analysis of -1123 G>C, +788 G>A and +1858 C>T Polymorphisms in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy characterized by lymphocytic infiltration, glandular dysfunction and systemic manifestations. Lyp protein is a negative regulator of the T cell receptor encoded by the () gene. Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene have been associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

Renal Tissue Expression of BAFF and BAFF Receptors Is Associated with Proliferative Lupus Nephritis.

Background: The B-cell activating factor (BAFF) controls the maturation and survival of B cells. An imbalance in this cytokine has been associated with systemic autoimmunity in SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). However, few investigations have evaluated the tissular expression of BAFF in LN.

TNFSF13B rs9514828 gene polymorphism and soluble B cell activating factor levels: Association with apical periodontitis.

Aim: The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the association between the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (-871 C > T) polymorphism and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) in apical periodontitis (AP) patients.

Methodology: Two hundred and sixty one healthy subjects (HS) and 158 patients with AP classified as: 46 acute apical abscess (AAA), 81 primary AP (pAP) and 31 secondary AP (sAP) patients were included. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from peripheral blood cells according to the salting out method.

Altered and mRNA Expression Is Associated with Disease Activity and Renal Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with very heterogeneous clinical behavior between affected individuals. Therefore, the search for biomarkers clinically useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the disease is necessary. Here, we determined the association between , , , and mRNA expression with the clinical characteristics and with the serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17 in SLE patients.

Gene Polymorphisms (IVS1 + 173 T/C and c. 1624 C/T) in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients: Analysis of ICOS Expression.

Background: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects exocrine glands. T cell activation is a trigger mechanism in the immune response. Hyperreactivity of T cells and antibody production are features in pSS.

Analysis of TNFSF13B polymorphisms and BAFF expression in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome patients.

Background: The increased expression of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) has been linked to autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases (ADs). The aim of this study was to investigate the association among TNFSF13B gene (OMIM: 603969) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), TNFSF13B mRNA, and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The diagnostic value of sBAFF also was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic or receptor (ROC) curves.

Cytokine profiles and clinical characteristics in primary Sjögren´s syndrome patient groups.

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate in salivary glands driving to epithelial damage. The pSS patients present heterogenic clinical and serological characteristics. This heterogenicity could be due to the cytokine microenvironment.

Analysis of the receptor BCMA as a biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) play central roles in B cell development and maturation. Soluble forms of their receptors can be generated by proteolytic cleavage; however, their physiological and clinical roles are unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the receptor soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) and clinical variables in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Analysis of Electronic Apex Locators in Human Teeth Diagnosed With Apical Periodontitis.

Electronic apex locators (EAL) have been used to establish the working length (WL) in root canal treatment. In teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis, resorption of tooth apical structures can lead to difficulties to obtain an appropriate WL. The aim was to compare the capacity of three EAL's (Root ZX II, Raypex 6 and Endo-Eze Quill) to locate the tip of the K-file between 0 to -0.

Assessment of CD40 and CD40L expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients, association with clinical features and DAS28.

The predominance of the effector mechanisms by CD4 + T cells is a characteristic of inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway contributes to these pathogenic mechanisms by promoting autoantibody production and inflammation. Aberrant expression of CD40 and CD40L in RA patients has been shown, the latter prevailing in females.

B-cell activating factor receptor expression is associated with germinal center B-cell maintenance.

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a major cytokine that regulates B-cell survival, maturation and differentiation through its binding with its receptors: BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). These receptors have been demonstrated to be involved in tertiary lymphoid structure formation; however, their role in germinal centers (GCs) has remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression profiles of BAFF and its receptors in secondary lymphoid tissues.

Association of CD28 and CTLA4 haplotypes with susceptibility to primary Sjögren's syndrome in Mexican population.

Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of exocrine glands as a result of T and B cells infiltrated in glandular tissue. CD28 and CTLA-4 play a crucial role in T cell activation and inhibition. The aim of this study was to associate CD28 and CTLA4 haplotypes with susceptibility to pSS in patients from western Mexico.

Micro-CT study of the root canal anatomy of maxillary canines.

Background: This study aimed to describe the anatomy of maxillary canines from a Western Mexican sub-population using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Material And Methods: Maxillary canines (n=32) were scanned at 19.6µm voxel resolution.

PTPN22 -1123G>C polymorphism and anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.

Background And Objectives: The protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encodes an important negative regulator of T-cell activation, lymphoid-specific phosphatase -Lyp- and has been associated with different autoimmune disorders. The PTPN22 -1123G>C polymorphism appears to affect the transcriptional control of this gene, but to date, the biological significance of this polymorphisms on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk remains unknown. We evaluate the association of PTPN22 -1123G>C polymorphism with anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies (anti-CCP) and risk for RA in population from Western Mexico.

Association of Haplotypes (-1123G>C/+1858C>T) with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Western Mexican Population.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), a consequence of the breakdown of immune tolerance. The lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) protein has significant effects on maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. Two polymorphic variants (-1123G>C and +1858C>T) at gene that encodes this protein have been associated with autoimmune disorders and found in strong linkage disequilibrium in Caucasian population.

KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 as genetic markers to the methotrexate response in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Context: Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) are aimed to interfere with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression and reduce the joint damage; however, not all patients respond alike. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their ligands, human leucocyte antigen class I (HLA-I), have been associated with RA pathology; therefore, KIR and HLA genes may influence the treatment response.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated the association of KIR genotype and their ligands HLA-C genes with the response to DMARDs in RA patients.

Distribution of PTPN22 polymorphisms in SLE from western Mexico: correlation with mRNA expression and disease activity.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by loss of self-tolerance with hyperactivation of autoreactive T and B cells. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) encodes for lymphoid-specific phosphatase (Lyp), which is a key negative regulator of T lymphocyte activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic contribution of PTPN22 -1123G>C and +1858C>T polymorphisms and their haplotypes in SLE patients, as well as mRNA expression according to -1123G>C promoter polymorphism and disease activity.

Polymorphisms and functional haplotype in PADI4: further evidence for contribution on rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in a western Mexican population.

Peptidyl arginine deiminase IV (PADI4) enzyme catalyzes the citrullination of proteins, which are recognized by anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here, we determined the association between PADI4 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with RA susceptibility and clinical characteristics in a western Mexican population. The relationship of PADI4 polymorphisms with anti-CCP and PADI4 mRNA expression was also evaluated.

Association of interleukin-10 promoter haplotypes with disease susceptibility and IL-10 levels in Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype autoimmune rheumatic disease. The etiology of this disease is incompletely understood; however, environmental factors and genetic predisposition are involved. Cytokine-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

The extrapituitary prolactin promoter polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and anti-CCP antibodies in Mexican population.

Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone-cytokine that has been involved in autoimmunity due to its immunoregulatory and lymphoproliferative effects. It is produced by various extrapituitary sites including immune cells, under control of a superdistal promoter that contains a single nucleotide polymorphism -1149 G/T previously associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility in European population. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the extrapituitary PRL -1149 G/T promoter polymorphism with clinical parameters, clinical activity and disability indices in RA patients from Western Mexico and to analyze the PRL mRNA expression according to the PRL -1149 G/T promoter polymorphism in total leucocytes from RA patients and controls.