Hebb repetition effects in complex and simple span tasks are based on the same learning mechanism.

The Hebb repetition effect shows improvement in serial recall of repeated lists compared to random nonrepeated lists. Previous research using simple span tasks found that the Hebb repetition effect is limited to constant uninterrupted lists, suggesting chunking as the mechanism of list learning. However, the Hebb repetition effect has been found in complex span tasks, which challenges the chunking explanation, as successive list items are separated by distractor processing, possibly interfering with the unified representations.

Development of Clause Complexity in Children with Specific Language Impairment/Language Development Disorder: A Longitudinal Study.

This paper addresses the grammatical challenges associated with the development of clause complexity, focusing on the performance of a group of monolingual Spanish-speaking schoolchildren with Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder (SLI/DLD) in a longitudinal corpus of oral narrative samples. The study examines the presence of interclause relations of subordination and equivalence (hypotaxis and parataxis) in language samples of two groups: an experimental group made up of 24 schoolchildren with SLI/DLD and a control group made up of 24 schoolchildren with typical development (TD). The results show that while both groups use parataxis as the most common relation between clauses in all school grades, there is a significant decrease in paratactic relations and a significant increase in hypotactic relations from first to fourth grade of primary education.

Online Comprehension of Verbal Number Morphology in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study.

Purpose: Previous studies have raised the possibility of preserved language comprehension in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) in online tasks and within simple sentence structures. Consequently, we evaluated the capacity of children with DLD to comprehend verbal number agreement in simple sentence structures (i.e.

The Hebb repetition effect in complex span tasks: Evidence for a shared learning mechanism with simple span tasks.

The Hebb repetition effect on serial-recall task refers to the improvement in the accuracy of recall of a repeated list (e.g., repeated in every 3 trials) over random non-repeated lists.

Real-time comprehension of Spanish prepositions and prepositional locutions in bilingual children with developmental language disorder: A study based on eye-movement evidence.

Background: Function words, and more specifically prepositions and prepositional locutions, are considered to be one of the most important difficulties for children with DLD.

Aims: To examine the capacity of bilingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD) to comprehend different Spanish prepositions and prepositional locutions in a simple sentence structure, for example, El gato está sobre la mesa/El gato está bajo la mesa (The cat is on the table/The cat is under the table).

Methods & Procedures: We used simple sentence structures to reduce lexical difficulties in order to focus our evaluation strictly on the grammatical morphemes under study.

Real time comprehension of Spanish articles in children with developmental language disorder: Empirical evidence from eye movements.

Function words and, more specifically, articles have been widely indicated as one of the main sources of difficulty for children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). The present study is the first to assess the online comprehension of Spanish articles in bilingual children with DLD. In an eye tracking experiment, we monitored participants' eye movements as they listened to Spanish articles embedded in structurally simple sentences.

The impact of vocabulary, grammar and decoding on reading comprehension among children with SLI: a longitudinal study.

Predictors of reading comprehension among children with SLI have been rarely studied in Spanish. Even more sparse are longitudinal studies inspecting the evolution of their reading abilities. The aim of the present study is to inspect how decoding, production of grammatical/ungrammatical sentences, production of simple/complex sentences, and vocabulary (measured with two instruments) predict reading comprehension among Spanish-speaking monolingual school-age children with SLI in two grades: 2nd grade and 4th grade.

Grammaticality and complexity of sentences in monolingual Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment.

This study examined grammaticality and complexity of sentences in monolingual Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI). A group of SLI children (n = 13), mean age 6, was compared to a control group (CCG) matched by age (n = 11), and a younger control group (LCG) with similar linguistic development (n = 13). Grammaticality and complexity of sentences were analysed including identification and counting of: a) simple and complex sentences, b) grammatical and ungrammatical sentences, and c) types of grammatical errors.

PPARβ/δ and PPARγ maintain undifferentiated phenotypes of mouse adult neural precursor cells from the subventricular zone.

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the main niches of neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Stem and precursor cells in this region are the source for neurogenesis and oligodendrogesis, mainly in the olfactory bulb and corpus callosum, respectively. The identification of the molecular components regulating the decision of these cells to differentiate or maintain an undifferentiated state is important in order to understand the modulation of neurogenic processes in physiological and pathological conditions.

Pex3p-dependent peroxisomal biogenesis initiates in the endoplasmic reticulum of human fibroblasts.

The mechanisms of peroxisomal biogenesis remain incompletely understood, specially regarding the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in human cells, where genetic disorders of peroxisome biogenesis lead to Zellweger syndrome (ZS). The Pex3p peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP) required for early steps of peroxisome biogenesis has been detected in the ER in yeast but not in mammalian cells. Here, we show that Pex3p-GFP expressed in a new ZS cell line (MR), which lacks peroxisomes due to a mutation in the PEX3 gene, localizes first in the ER and subsequently in newly formed peroxisomes.

Evaluation of the role of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transit in the biogenesis of peroxisomal membrane proteins in wild type and peroxisome biogenesis mutant CHO cells.

Peroxisomes are thought to be formed by division of pre-existing peroxisomes after the import of newly synthesized proteins. However, it has been recently suggested that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides an alternative de novo mechanism for peroxisome biogenesis in some cells. To test a possible role of the ER-Golgi transit in peroxisome biogenesis in mammalian cells, we evaluated the biogenesis of three peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs): ALDRP (adrenoleukodystrophy related protein), PMP70 and Pex3p in CHO cells.

ApoER2 expression increases Abeta production while decreasing Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) endocytosis: Possible role in the partitioning of APP into lipid rafts and in the regulation of gamma-secretase activity.

Background: The generation of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) through the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a central event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies highlight APP endocytosis and localization to lipid rafts as important events favoring amyloidogenic processing. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these events are poorly understood.

Cytotoxic-antineoplastic activity of acetyl derivatives of prenylnaphthohydroquinone.

Several acetyl derivatives of prenylnaphthohydroquinone have been synthetized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against A-549 human lung carcinoma and H-116 human colon carcinoma neoplastic cells. The IC50 values against A-549 are compared with those observed for previously reported unsubstituted derivatives.

Cytochemical and biochemical demonstration of an ATPase in membranes of human peroxisomes.

We demonstrated a neutral Mg-ATPase activity in human peroxisomal membranes. To establish the precise experimental conditions for detection of this ATPase, both cytochemical and biochemical characterizations were first carried out in liver peroxisomes from control and cipofibrate-treated rats. The results demonstrated an Mg-ATPase reaction in both normal and proliferated peroxisomes.