Fracture Rate, Quality of Life and Back Pain in Patients with Osteoporosis Treated with Teriparatide: 24-Month Results from the Extended Forsteo Observational Study (ExFOS).

We describe the pre-planned interim analysis of fracture outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and back pain in patients with severe osteoporosis treated with teriparatide for up to 24 months in the Extended Forsteo (Forsteo(®) is a registered trade name of Eli Lilly and Company) Observational Study (ExFOS), a prospective, multinational, observational study. Data on incident clinical fractures, HRQoL (EQ-5D questionnaire) and back pain [100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS)] were collected. The number of patients with fractures was summarised in 6-month intervals and fracture rate over each 6-month period was assessed using logistic regression for repeated measures.

Trabecular Bone Score: Where are we now?

The Trabecular Bone Score is a rather new index obtained at the lumbar spine at the same time as a real bone mineral density. It was developed to reflect bone microarchitecture. It was proposed to be easily used in everyday practice as a surrogate of bone strength.

Usefulness of bone density measurement in fallers.

The objective of this systematic literature review is to discuss the latest French recommendation issued in 2012 that a fall within the past year should lead to bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This recommendation rests on four facts. First, osteoporosis and fall risk are the two leading risk factors for nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.

Oxytocin, a new determinant of bone mineral density in post-menopausal women: analysis of the OPUS cohort.

Introduction: Oxytocin (OT), a neurohypophysial hormone regulated by estrogen and leptin, may play a role in bone metabolism in humans as suggested by animal studies. This study assessed the relationship between OT and bone status in a large population of postmenopausal women.

Subjects And Methods: Subjects were included in the Osteoporosis and Ultrasound study, a 6-year prospective study in a population-based cohort.

Denosumab compared with ibandronate in postmenopausal women previously treated with bisphosphonate therapy: a randomized open-label trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of denosumab to ibandronate in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD) previously treated with a bisphosphonate.

Methods: In a randomized, open-label study, postmenopausal women received 60 mg denosumab subcutaneously every 6 months (n=417) or 150 mg ibandronate orally every month (n=416) for 12 months. End points included percentage change from baseline in total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD at month 12 and percentage change from baseline in serum C-telopeptide at months 1 and 6 in a substudy.

Osteocytes are not only mechanoreceptive cells.

Osteocytes represent 95% of all bone cells. These cells are old osteoblasts occupying the lacunar space surrounded by the bone matrix. They possess cytoplasmic dendrites that form a canalicular network for communication between osteocytes and the bone surface.

Bone mineral density, hip bone geometry, and calcaneus trabecular bone texture in obese and normal-weight children.

Our study aimed at comparing bone mineral density (BMD), geometric indices of hip bone strength, and indices of trabecular bone texture at the calcaneus in obese and normal-weight children. Fifty-three obese children (10.3 ± 1.

Regular exercise limits alcohol effects on trabecular, cortical thickness and porosity, and osteocyte apoptosis in the rat.

Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption is known to be a cause of secondary osteoporosis whereas physical activity is recommended in prevention of osteoporosis. This study was designed to analyze the effects of physical exercise on bone parameters in chronic alcohol-fed rats.

Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided in four groups: Control (C), Alcohol (A), Exercise (E) and Alcohol+Exercise (AE).

A novel monthly dosing regimen of risedronate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2-year data.

This 2-year trial evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a monthly oral regimen of risedronate. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with risedronate 75 mg on 2 consecutive days each month (2CDM) or 5 mg daily. The primary end point was the percentage change from baseline in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 months.

Integrated remodeling-to-fracture finite element model of human proximal femur behavior.

The purpose of this work was to develop an integrated remodeling-to-fracture finite element model allowing for the combined simulation of (i) simulation of a human proximal femur remodeling under a given boundary conditions, (ii) followed by the simulation of its fracture behavior (force-displacement curve and fracture pattern) under quasi-static load. The combination of remodeling and fracture simulation into one unified model consists in considering that the femur properties resulting from the remodeling simulation correspond to the initial state for the fracture prediction. The remodeling model is based on phenomenological one based on a coupled strain and fatigue damage stimulus.

Synchrotron ultraviolet microspectroscopy on rat cortical bone: involvement of tyrosine and tryptophan in the osteocyte and its environment.

Alcohol induced osteoporosis is characterized by a bone mass decrease and microarchitecture alterations. Having observed an excess in osteocyte apoptosis, we aimed to assess the bone tissue biochemistry, particularly in the osteocyte and its environment. For this purpose, we used a model of alcohol induced osteoporosis in rats.

Chronic and intermittent exposure to alcohol vapors: a new model of alcohol-induced osteopenia in the rat.

Background: Different models are used to study the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on bone tissue in the rat. However, the current models take several months to show indices of osteopenia as observed in chronic drinkers. Numerous studies have supported that chronic and intermittent exposure to ethanol vapors has predictive validity as a model of alcohol dependence in humans.

Osteocyte apoptosis and lipid infiltration as mechanisms of alcohol-induced bone loss.

Aims: We carried out an in vivo study to assess the relationship between increase in adiposity in the marrow and osteocyte apoptosis in the case of alcohol-induced bone loss.

Methods And Results: After alcohol treatment, the number of apoptotic osteocytes was increased and lipid droplets were accumulated within the osteocytes, the bone marrow and the cortical bone micro-vessels. At last, we found an inverse correlation between bone mineral density and osteocyte apoptosis and strong significant correlations between the osteocyte apoptotic number and lipid droplet accumulation in osteocyte and bone micro-vessels.

Hip cortical thickness assessment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and strontium ranelate effect on hip geometry.

The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between hip geometry and the 5-yr risk of hip fractures in postmenopausal osteoporotic women and the effects of strontium ranelate on these parameters. Using the 5-yr data of a randomized placebo-controlled trial of strontium ranelate (Treatment of Peripheral Osteoporosis Study [TROPOS]), we reanalyzed the hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans to determine the role of hip geometry in the risk of hip fractures (placebo group, n=636) and to analyze the effects of strontium ranelate (n=483). The outcomes included the hip structure analysis (HSA) parameters: cross-sectional area (CSA), section modulus, cortical thickness, and buckling ratio, measured at femoral neck, intertrochanteric (IT) region, and proximal shaft.

Cortical bone is more sensitive to alcohol dose effects than trabecular bone in the rat.

Objective: While chronic alcohol consumption is known to decrease bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and negatively modify trabecular bone microarchitecture, the impact of alcohol on cortical microarchitecture is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various doses of alcohol on bone density, trabecular and cortical parameters and bone strength in rats.

Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), alcohol 25% v/v (A25), alcohol 30% v/v (A30) and alcohol 35% v/v (A35).

Assessment of hand trabecular bone texture with high resolution direct digital radiograph in rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study.

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by an early inflammatory related periarticular osteopenia. A new high resolution direct digital X-ray device has been recently developed to provide bone texture analysis which is designed to assess changes in trabecular bone architecture. For the first time, we have evaluated trabecular bone texture impairment in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to healthy controls.

Effect of denosumab treatment on the risk of fractures in subgroups of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Denosumab reduces the risk of new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. Previous trials suggest that the efficacy of antiresorptives on fractures might differ by patients' characteristics, such as age, bone mineral density (BMD), and fracture history. In the FREEDOM study, 7808 women aged 60 to 90 years with osteoporosis were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections of denosumab (60 mg) or placebo every 6 months for 3 years.

Experience of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in neuropathy associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a national multicentric retrospective study.

Objective: Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-related peripheral neuropathy is responsible for disability, but no treatment has been shown to improve its outcome. In some cases, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy has been associated with some benefit. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of IVIG in SS-related peripheral neuropathy.

Morphea-like skin reactions in patients treated with the cathepsin K inhibitor balicatib.

Background: In a multicenter clinical trial in North America and Europe that tested the cathepsin K (catK) inhibitor balicatib for the treatment of osteoporosis, several patients developed hardening of the skin.

Objective: We sought to characterize these observed adverse events.

Methods: Patients with skin hardening were examined by a local dermatologist.

Osteocalcin-insulin relationship in obese children: a role for the skeleton in energy metabolism.

Objective: Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein secreted by osteoblasts and often used as a bone formation biomarker. Rodent studies have reported a hormonal role of osteocalcin on glucose metabolism, increasing insulin secretion and sensitivity and increasing energy expenditure. However, it is unknown whether osteocalcin fulfils the same function in humans.