The question about recommending pure, noncontaminated oats as part of the gluten-free diet of patients with celiac disease remains controversial. This might be due to gluten cross contamination and to the possible immunogenicity of some oat cultivars. In view of this controversy, a review of the scientific literature was conducted to highlight the latest findings published between 2008 and 2014 to examine the current knowledge on oats safety and celiac disease in Europe and North America.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShort bowel syndrome develops when the remnant mass of functioning enterocytes following massive resections cannot support growth or maintain fluid-electrolyte balance and requires parenteral nutrition. Resection itself stimulates the intestine's inherent ability to adapt morphologically and functionally. The capacity to change is very much related to the high turnover rate of enterocytes and is mediated by several signals; these signals are mediated in large part by enteral nutrition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Malnutrition in hospitalized children has been reported since the late 1970s. The prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition was examined in hospitalized patients in a general pediatric unit, and the impact and management of malnutrition were assessed.
Methods: The nutritional risk score (NRS) and nutritional status (NS) (weight, height, body mass index, and skinfold thickness) of children aged zero to 18 years were assessed upon hospital admission.
The present case report describes the clinical problems encountered over a five-month period in an infant born with jejunal atresia, extensive midgut volvulus and a microcolon. After an initial surgical resection, the patient had no remaining ileum and his ileocecal valve was also removed. The patient had 35 cm of jejunum, which was successfully lengthened to 60 cm using enteral nutrition and two bowel-lengthening procedures (serial transverse enteropathy procedures).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
January 2014
Background And Aims: Giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (GCH-AHA) is presumed to be an autoimmune disease, but the mechanism of liver injury is unknown. We proposed that in CGH-AHA, the humoral limb of autoimmunity is the dominant force driving progressive liver injury.
Methods: We studied 6 cases of GCH-AHA and 6 cases of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) with early childhood onset (3 type 1 and 3 type 2).
Familial hypocholesterolemia, namely abetalipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia and chylomicron retention disease (CRD), are rare genetic diseases that cause malnutrition, failure to thrive, growth failure and vitamin E deficiency, as well as other complications. Recently, the gene implicated in CRD was identified. The diagnosis is often delayed because symptoms are nonspecific.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLipoprotein assembly is critical for the intestinal absorption of dietary lipids and of fat-soluble vitamins. Through their inhibition of chylomicron secretion, mutations of the Sar1B gene coding for Sar1 GTPase are associated with chylomicron retention disease (CRD). The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypic expression of CRD in two clinically and genetically well characterized cohorts, and to compare their long term evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe small bowel has traditionally been considered a simple organ for the transport of food-stuffs. Although the function of nutrient delivery is vital, the digestive and absorptive phases of fat were poorly understood until the past two decades. Moreover, the small bowel was not thought to have any modulating transport properties nor a role in the genesis of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnderson disease (and/or chylomicron retention disease-CMRD) is a rare, autosomic recessive disorder characterized by chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, and hypocholesterolemia in childhood. The specific molecular defect was identified in 2003 and consists of mutations in the SAR1B gene which encodes for intracellular Sar1b protein. To date, only 8 mutations in six families have been described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe concept of colonic health has become a major target for the development of functional foods such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. These bioactive agents have a profound effect on the composition of the microflora, as well as on the physiology of the colon, and display distinct health benefits. Dietary carbohydrates escaping digestion/absorption in the small bowel and prebiotics undergo fermentation in the colon and give rise to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
April 2006
A common feature of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the functional derangement of the exocrine pancreas, which affects output of pancreatic lipase. This condition results in severe dietary malabsorption due to the poor hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TG) in the lumen of the small intestine. Despite the benefits of pancreatic enzyme supplements, patients with CF present with persistent intestinal fat malabsorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: Lipid sources for enteral nutrition continue to be an exciting area of investigation. It is timely to review recent developments which have largely contributed to thrust enteral feeding into a new era.
Recent Findings: Although much more research needs to be done, there is a better understanding of the competitive relationships between n-6/n-3 fatty acids in conditions of metabolic and immune stress as well as in autoimmune and degenerative diseases.
Can J Gastroenterol
October 2003
In the United States, the declining interest of residents in gastroenterology is thought to be the result of the specialty being too procedure driven and not intellectually challenging. It is clear that the growth of technology and excessive demands for procedures have forced the curtailing of clinic time, erosion of clinical skills, distraction from scholarly pursuits and a decrease in the intellectual content of our training programs. In order to attract the 'best and the brightest' and to better prepare gastroenterologists for the future, trainees will require more knowledge and experience in nutrition, genetics and the evaluative sciences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate routine ultrasonography (US) as an early marker and to identify risk factors for the development of cirrhosis and portal hypertension (PHT) in cystic fibrosis (CF).
Study Design: A cohort of 106 children with CF aged 5.9+/-2.
Dietary fat is an important source of nutrition. Here we identify eight mutations in SARA2 that are associated with three severe disorders of fat malabsorption. The Sar1 family of proteins initiates the intracellular transport of proteins in COPII (coat protein)-coated vesicles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To compare the absorption of a lysophosphatidylcholine, monoglyceride, and fatty acid matrix (organized lipid matrix, OLM) with that of a triacylglycerol (TG)-based fat meal in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Study Design: Five adolescents with CF and 3 control patients were given fat meals supplemented with retinyl palmitate of either OLM or TG at a 2-week interval. In a clinical trial, 73 patients with CF were randomly assigned to nutritional supplements containing either OLM or TG for a 1-year double-blind trial followed by a 6-month observation period.