Volume kinetic analysis of 2 crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats.

Objective: To investigate the volume kinetic between 2 crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats.

Design: Prospective, randomized, dose-response study.

Setting: University laboratory.

Assessment of transpulmonary thermodilution, ultrasound dilution, and esophageal Doppler against direct pulmonary artery flow for cardiac output monitoring in anesthetized cats.

Objective: To assess the agreement of transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) and transpulmonary ultrasound dilution (TPUD) against direct measurement of main pulmonary artery flow with an ultrasound transit time flow probe (UTF) over a wide range of conditions in anesthetized cats. Additionally, the trending ability of TPTD, TPUD, and esophageal Doppler ultrasonography (EDU) was evaluated against UTF.

Methods: 12 purpose-bred cats were used.

Anesthesia and Myopathies of Horses.

Pre-existing muscle disorders in horses can often be subtle and may only become evident during or after anesthesia. Advancements in veterinary medicine, along with increased knowledge and research in this field, help minimize anesthesia-related problems. Adequate preanesthesia assessment, early disease diagnosis, and proper management are crucial in minimizing risks to the neuromuscular system during general anesthesia.

The effect of intramuscular atipamezole on head height and sedation scores in detomidine-sedated horses.

Objective: To assess the effect of two different doses of intramuscular atipamezole on head height (HH) in horses after sedation with detomidine.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, triple crossover study.

Animals: Eight healthy adult horses.

Microvascular reactivity in anesthetized cats: feasibility and proof of concept study.

Objective: Assessment of feasibility and proof of concept study for microvascular reactivity in anesthetized cats.

Methods: 12, adult, healthy, purpose-bred cats were included. Cats were anesthetized and instrumented with a perivascular ultrasound transit time flow probe around the main pulmonary artery, a femoral arterial catheter, a central venous catheter, and a laser Doppler flowmeter with a heating unit.

Urinary syndecan-1 in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane or sevoflurane: A randomized, prospective study.

Background: Syndecan-1 (SDC1) is an established marker of endothelial glycocalyx shedding. Most research on SDC1 has focused on plasma or serum concentrations, and little is known about urine concentrations.

Objectives: Measure urinary SDC1 concentrations in dogs undergoing anesthesia with either sevoflurane or isoflurane and assess the effects of anesthesia duration and IV crystalloids on urinary SDC1 concentrations.

Ultrasound-guided and 'blind' sciatic nerve injection techniques: Comparison in rat cadavers.

Objective: To compare the success rate and extent of sciatic nerve staining with a bupivacaine-dye solution using two injection techniques: 'blind' or ultrasound-guided approach.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental, randomized, cadaveric study.

Animals: Adult female Wistar rat cadavers [n = 24, mass 352 g (323-374)].

Onset and duration of action of escalating doses of atracurium in anesthetized healthy goats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the onset and duration of action of escalating doses of atracurium in healthy, anesthetized goats.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, triple crossover study. Animals A total of eight (five males and three females) healthy goats weighing 42.

Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in Wistar rat cadavers: Relevant anatomy and injection distribution.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of an ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block by describing the sonoanatomy and comparing the distribution of two volumes of bupivacaine dye solution for nerve staining.

Study Design: Randomized, experimental, assessor-blinded cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 40 adult female Wistar rat cadavers.

Effect of a single intravenous injection of branched chain amino acids on body temperature of cats undergoing general anesthesia.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a single intravenous injection of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) on body temperature in cats undergoing general anesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, randomized, crossover, experimental study.

Animals: A total of 10 healthy adult cats (five female and five male).

Alfaxalone increases measured progesterone concentration in neutered male cats when determined by immunoreactivity.

Objective: Alfaxalone is a commonly used anesthetic agent in small animals. In cats, alfaxalone can be administered as an IM agent to achieve clinically useful sedation or anesthesia, negating the need for IV injection in difficult patients. The molecular structure of alfaxalone is similar to the hormone progesterone (P4).

Influence of a single oral dose of trazodone on intradermal histamine reactivity in clinically healthy dogs.

Background: Drug interactions are significant considerations for intradermal testing (IDT). Trazodone (TRZ) is an anxiolytic and selective histaminergic (H ) antagonist with no interaction in human prick tests; however, interaction in canine IDT is unknown.

Hypothesis/objectives: Trazodone will not adversely affect intradermal histamine reactions in dogs.

Detection of canine obstructive nasal disease using infrared thermography: A pilot study.

Infrared thermography detects variations in heat signature and is utilized in other species to non-invasively identify respiratory disease. This study aimed to determine if infrared thermography could be used to detect nasal disease in dogs. Eight dogs presenting for nasal disease (ND group) and ten healthy control dogs (C group) were enrolled.

Ultrasound dilution cardiac output and echocardiography findings in anesthetized mature alpacas (Vicugna pacos) during normotension, hypotension and hypertension.

Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) have physiologic adaptations to live at high altitude. These adaptations may result in unexpected responses to changes in cardiac performance and blood pressure during general anesthesia. There are few studies evaluating cardiovascular variables in anesthetized alpacas.

Evaluation of infrared thermography and 6-minute walk tests to assess airflow limitation, impaired thermoregulation, and exercise intolerance in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome.

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Routine clinical evaluation fails to detect physiologic consequences of BOAS including airflow limitation, exercise intolerance, and impaired thermoregulation. A six-minute walk test (6MWT) with infrared thermography (IRT) may aid detection and clinical management by assessing the physiologic consequences of BOAS.

Effects of tiletamine-zolazepam vs. propofol on peri-induction intraocular pressure in dogs: A randomized, masked crossover study.

Introduction: Anesthesia induction agents have the potential to cause severe ocular side effects, resulting in lasting damage to the eye.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of tiletamine-zolazepam on IOP compared to propofol when they are used as an induction agent in normal healthy dogs.

Methods: Twenty healthy adult client owned dogs weighing 22.

Evaluation of Nasal Oxygen Administration at Various Flow Rates and Concentrations in Conscious, Standing Adult Horses.

This study evaluated the effects of various flow rates and fractions of oxygen on arterial blood gas parameters and on the fraction of inspired oxygen (FO) delivered to the distal trachea. Oxygen was administered to 6 healthy, conscious, standing, adult horses via single nasal cannula positioned within the nasopharynx. Three flow rates (5, 15, 30 L/min) and fractions of oxygen (21, 50, 100%) were delivered for 15 minutes, each in a randomized order.

Retrospective investigation of decreasing body temperature trends during anaesthesia in dogs.

Background: Hypothermia during the perianaesthetic period may lead to an increased risk of morbidity in veterinary patients. However, the timeline of the decrease in body temperature during general anaesthesia has been minimally investigated.

Methods: Anaesthetic records of 1097 client-owned dogs were examined.

Development of the Auburn Induction Scale for evaluating induction quality in dogs.

Objective: To develop and begin establishing evidence for validity of an instrument to assess the quality of induction in dogs.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey and video scoring.

Animals And Population: A total of 51 veterinary anesthesia personnel, four board-certified anesthesiologists and videos of induction of anesthesia in 18 dogs.

The Effect of Inhaled Albuterol on PaO in Anesthetized Horses Receiving a FiO of 0.5 or >0.95.

Impairment of oxygen uptake can occur during general anesthesia in horses resulting in hypoxemia. Multiple treatments have been investigated for correction of hypoxemia with varying levels of success. In clinical trials, albuterol, a short-acting β adrenergic agonist, improved arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO) in anesthetized horses unresponsive to adjustments in mechanical ventilation and administration of positive inotropic drugs.

Evaluation of the Effects of Doxapram in Combination with Xylazine on Recovery of Horses Isoflurane-Anesthetized.

This randomized double-blinded study evaluated the recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in horses receiving doxapram and xylazine. 6 horses were anesthetized 4 times (minimum of 2-week washout period). Anesthesia was performed with xylazine (0.

Multicenter study to investigate factors associated with change in rectal temperature during anesthesia in dogs.

Objective: To determine factors associated with change in rectal temperature (RT) of dogs undergoing anesthesia.

Animals: 507 dogs.

Procedures: In a prospective observational study, the RT of dogs undergoing anesthesia at 5 veterinary hospitals was recorded at the time of induction of anesthesia and at the time of recovery from anesthesia (ie, at the time of extubation).

Quantitative assessment of left ventricular volume and function by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, ultrasound velocity dilution, and gated magnetic resonance imaging in healthy foals.

Objective: To compare measurements of left ventricular volume and function derived from 2-D transthoracic echocardiography (2DE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and the ultrasound velocity dilution cardiac output method (UDCO) with those derived from cardiac MRI (cMRI) in healthy neonatal foals.

Animals: 6 healthy 1-week-old Standardbred foals.

Procedures: Foals were anesthetized and underwent 2DE, TEE, and cMRI; UDCO was performed simultaneously with 2DE.

Effect of Methadone or Hydromorphone on Cardiac Conductivity in Dogs Before and During Sevoflurane Anesthesia.

To evaluate changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) variables in healthy dogs receiving either methadone or hydromorphone IV before and during sevoflurane anesthesia. Prospective clinical study. Forty client-owned dogs.

Effects of intracoelomic alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine on righting reflex in common garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis): preliminary data.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on alfaxalone immobilization in snakes.

Study Design: Nonblinded, crossover study.

Animals: A total of eight mature common garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis).