Inclusive measure development: amplifying the voices of adolescents and young adults with spina bifida in a new measure of benefit-finding and growth.

Objective: Benefit-finding and growth is an important process across a range of medical populations. However, it has been understudied in the context of lifelong chronic conditions, such as spina bifida (SB). This study aimed to develop a new measure of benefit-finding and growth for youth with SB, confirm its factor structure, and examine its psychometric properties.

Skin cancer management: Making the most of your pathologist.

Background: Australia has the highest incidence of skin cancer globally. Early detection and treatment of skin cancer is critical for positive patient outcomes. General practitioners (GPs) play a central role in skin cancer management in Australia.

Skin cancer: What happens in the laboratory?

Background: Skin cancer specimen handling in Australian histopathology laboratories, while largely standardised, exhibits significant variations that affect clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Objective: This article provides clinicians with an understanding of histopathological processes to enhance diagnostic precision, inform surgical margin evaluations and refine management approaches.

Discussion: Understanding specimen handling and protocols is vital for accurate interpretation of pathology reports and management of skin cancers.

Rashba-like Spin Textures in Graphene Promoted by Ferromagnet-Mediated Electronic Hybridization with a Heavy Metal.

Epitaxial graphene/ferromagnetic metal (Gr/FM) heterostructures deposited onto heavy metals have been proposed for the realization of spintronic devices because of their perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and sizable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), allowing for both enhanced thermal stability and stabilization of chiral spin textures. However, establishing routes toward this goal requires the fundamental understanding of the microscopic origin of their unusual properties. Here, we elucidate the nature of the induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) at Gr/Co interfaces on Ir.

Diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space in the UK biobank.

Background: The recently discovered glymphatic system may support the removal of neurotoxic proteins, mainly during sleep, that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) has been suggested as a method to index the health of glymphatic system (with higher values indicating a more intact glymphatic system). Indeed, in small-scale studies the DTI-ALPS index has been shown to correlate with age, cognitive health, and sleep, and is higher in females than males.

Treatment patterns in advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer in China: results from the CancerMPact survey 2021.

To report the treatment patterns of advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in China from a physician survey (CancerMPact).  A total of 206 Chinese physicians from 27 cities in urban mainland China reported on their treatment of NSCLC in September 2021. Platinum doublets received 70.

Growth of condition-related knowledge among youth with spina bifida: associations with neurocognitive functioning and self-management skills.

Objective: This study aims to characterize the growth in condition-related knowledge in youth with spina bifida (SB), identify neurocognitive predictors of growth, and examine associations between growth in knowledge and subsequent levels of medical self-management skills.

Methods: Participants were recruited from a larger longitudinal study involving 140 youth with SB and caregivers, who completed questionnaires and interviews every 2 years over 8 years. The current study included the youth report of condition-related knowledge and medical self-management skills.

Treatment patterns in metastatic bladder cancer in Japan: results of the CancerMPact survey 2020.

To assess physician-reported treatment of metastatic bladder cancer in Japan. 76 physicians completed the CancerMPact survey in July 2020, considering patients treated within 6 months. Physicians treated a mean of 38.

A comparison of Tier 1, 2, and 3 methods for quantifying nitrous oxide emissions from soils amended with biosolids.

Municipal biosolids are a nitrogen (N)-rich agricultural fertilizer which may emit nitrous oxide (NO) after rainfall events. Due to sparse empirical data, there is a lack of biosolids-specific NO emission factors to determine how land-applied biosolids contribute to the national greenhouse gas inventory. This study estimated NO emissions from biosolids-amended land in Canada using Tier 1, Tier 2 (Canadian), and Tier 3 (Denitrification and Decomposition model [DNDC]) methodologies recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The language network is not engaged in object categorization.

The relationship between language and thought is the subject of long-standing debate. One claim states that language facilitates categorization of objects based on a certain feature (e.g.

Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without driver mutations: projections by therapy line in Western Europe, 2021-2026.

To estimate the incidence, prevalence and treated prevalence by line of therapy (LOT) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without driver mutations from 2021 to 2026. Country-specific registry data for Western Europe were used to project incidence and prevalence of NSCLC; LOT information was obtained from CancerMPact Treatment Architecture physician surveys. Incidence, prevalence and treated prevalence across LOTs for NSCLC are projected to increase across five WE countries, including for stage IV patients without driver mutations (184,966 cases [2021] to 197,925 [2026]).

Problem solving and collaborative involvement among adolescents with spinal cord injury and their caregivers.

Objective: To determine the relationship between constructive adolescent problem solving (positive problem-solving orientation and rational problem-solving style) and caregiver problem solving and collaborative involvement with primary caregiver among adolescents with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Positive constructive adolescent problem solving was hypothesized to be predicted by more effective caregiver problem solving and higher collaborative involvement.

Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were 79 adolescent and primary caregiver dyads recruited from a pediatric rehabilitation care system in North America.

Comparing Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Growth in Youth With and Without Spina Bifida.

Objective: Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; formally known as sluggish cognitive tempo), difficulties with social engagement, and lower levels of autonomy have been identified as maladaptive comorbidities in youth with spina bifida (SB). This study compared growth curves of CDS for youth with and without SB and examined whether these trajectories were associated with later functioning.

Methods: Longitudinal data spanning 8 years included youth with SB (n = 68, Mage = 8.

Physician reported treatment patterns and outcomes in metastatic bladder cancer in the USA: the CancerMPact Survey 2020.

This study assessed physician-reported treatment patterns for metastatic bladder cancer. A total of 106 USA-based physicians were surveyed in 2020 using the CancerMPact online survey. Among cisplatin-eligible patients, 86.

Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Dirac Semimetal Phase with a Tunable Lifshitz Transition in Au_{2}Pb.

Three-dimensional Dirac semimetals are an exotic state of matter that continue to attract increasing attention due to the unique properties of their low-energy excitations. Here, by performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the electronic structure of Au_{2}Pb across a wide temperature range. Our experimental studies on the (111)-cleaved surface unambiguously demonstrate that Au_{2}Pb is a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal characterized by the presence of a bulk Dirac cone projected off-center of the bulk Brillouin zone (BZ), in agreement with our theoretical calculations.

Functional Interaction of the Cruciate Ligaments, Posteromedial and Posterolateral Capsule, Oblique Popliteal Ligament, and Other Structures in Preventing Abnormal Knee Hyperextension.

Background: The ligaments and soft tissue capsular structures of the knee joint that provide a resisting force to prevent abnormal knee hyperextension have not been determined. This knowledge is required for the diagnosis and treatment of knee hyperextension abnormalities.

Purpose: To determine the resisting moment of knee ligament and capsular structures that resist knee hyperextension.

Coexistence of Bulk-Nodal and Surface-Nodeless Cooper Pairings in a Superconducting Dirac Semimetal.

The interplay of nontrivial topology and superconductivity in condensed matter physics gives rise to exotic phenomena. However, materials are extremely rare where it is possible to explore the full details of the superconducting pairing. Here, we investigate the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap distribution in a novel Dirac material PdTe.

Preliminary Validation of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: Research suggests families whose infants are admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) experience elevated distress and may have pre-existing risk factors for maladjustment. This study sought to validate the newly developed Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT-NICU/Cardiac Intensive Care Unit [CICU]), a comprehensive screening measure for family psychosocial risk in the NICU.

Methods: The sample included 171 mothers, who completed the PAT-NICU/CICU and other related measures within 2 weeks of their infant's NICU admission at a level 4 unit within a large pediatric hospital.

Treatment of HR+/HER2- breast cancer in urban mainland China: results from the CancerMPact Survey 2019.

Purpose: To report the treatment utilization patterns for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer in urban mainland China (CancerMPact®).

Methods: The results presented are from an online survey conducted in September 2019 with 45 physicians treating breast cancer patients from 11 cities in mainland China.

Results: Surveyed physicians reported that Stage I HR+/HER2(-) breast cancer patients are often treated with surgery alone (42%), whereas the use of surgery in combination with systemic therapy with or without radiotherapy increases in later stages (Stage II 67%, Stage III 77%).

Hidden spin-orbital texture at the [Formula: see text]-located valence band maximum of a transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor.

Finding stimuli capable of driving an imbalance of spin-polarised electrons within a solid is the central challenge in the development of spintronic devices. However, without the aid of magnetism, routes towards this goal are highly constrained with only a few suitable pairings of compounds and driving mechanisms found to date. Here, through spin- and angle-resolved photoemission along with density functional theory, we establish how the p-derived bulk valence bands of semiconducting 1T-HfSe possess a local, ground-state spin texture spatially confined within each Se-sublayer due to strong sublayer-localised electric dipoles orientated along the c-axis.

On the problem of Dirac cones in fullerenes on gold.

Artificial graphene based on molecular networks enables the creation of novel 2D materials with unique electronic and topological properties. Landau quantization has been demonstrated by CO molecules arranged on the two-dimensional electron gas on Cu(111) and the observation of electron quantization may succeed based on the created gauge fields. Recently, it was reported that instead of individual manipulation of CO molecules, simple deposition of nonpolar C molecules on Cu(111) and Au(111) produces artificial graphene as evidenced by Dirac cones in photoemission spectroscopy.

Ultrafast Thermalization Pathways of Excited Bulk and Surface States in the Ferroelectric Rashba Semiconductor GeTe.

A large Rashba effect is essential for future applications in spintronics. Particularly attractive is understanding and controlling nonequilibrium properties of ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors. Here, time- and angle-resolved photoemission is utilized to access the ultrafast dynamics of bulk and surface transient Rashba states after femtosecond optical excitation of GeTe.

Emergence of Fermi arcs due to magnetic splitting in an antiferromagnet.

The Fermi surface plays an important role in controlling the electronic, transport and thermodynamic properties of materials. As the Fermi surface consists of closed contours in the momentum space for well-defined energy bands, disconnected sections known as Fermi arcs can be signatures of unusual electronic states, such as a pseudogap. Another way to obtain Fermi arcs is to break either the time-reversal symmetry or the inversion symmetry of a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal, which results in formation of pairs of Weyl nodes that have opposite chirality, and their projections are connected by Fermi arcs at the bulk boundary.