Psychotropic medication usage in sporadic versus genetic behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: Psychotropic medication (PM) use in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is higher than in other dementias. However, no information exists on whether PM use differs between sporadic and genetic bvFTD.

Methods: We analyzed data from sporadic and genetic bvFTD participants with PM prescriptions in the Advancing Research and Treatment in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects study.

Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.

Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of LEADS and ADNI.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) share similar amyloid etiology, but evidence from smaller-scale studies suggests that they manifest differently clinically. Current analyses sought to contrast the cognitive profiles of EOAD and LOAD.

Methods: Z-score cognitive-domain composites for 311 amyloid-positive sporadic EOAD and 314 amyloid-positive LOAD participants were calculated from baseline data from age-appropriate control cohorts.

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF A TYPE III MONTEGGIA FRACTURE IN AN EASTERN BLACK-AND-WHITE COLOBUS ().

A one-year-old female Eastern black-and-white Colobus () was evaluated after tangling its right forelimb in exhibit netting. Radiographs of the right forelimb revealed craniolateral luxation of the radial head and a complete transverse fracture of the proximal ulna, otherwise known as a type III Monteggia fracture. Open reduction was performed and a locking cuttable bone plate was placed to address the ulnar fracture.

Application of Single-Cell Genomics to Animal Models of Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis.

Aims: This narrative review aims to synthesize current knowledge on integrating single-cell genomics technologies with animal models of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

Review: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) reveals cellular heterogeneity and specific cell roles in periodontitis and peri-implantitis, overcoming the limitations of bulk RNA sequencing. Under controlled conditions and genetic manipulation, animal models facilitate studying disease progression, gene functions and systemic disease links, aiding targeted therapy development.

Predicting severe multivessel coronary artery disease to guide access strategy in patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography.

Introduction: Given radial artery conduits are increasingly utilized for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), avoiding transradial access (TRA) for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) may benefit patients who ultimately undergo CABG. We sought to predict the likelihood of severe multivessel disease (MVD) before ICA to guide this decision.

Methods: This was a single-center study of 1485 patients with stable symptoms who underwent ICA.

Does long-term surveillance of primary linked total elbow arthroplasty identify failing implants requiring revision?

Background: Scoping review has identified a lack of evidence guiding long-term follow-up of elbow arthroplasty. We report the effectiveness of primary linked total elbow arthroplasty surveillance in identifying failing implants requiring revision.

Methods: A prospective database recording consecutive primary linked total elbow arthroplasty and subsequent surveillance in an elbow unit was analysed.

Adolescents' Self-Reported Exposure to Advertisements for Flavored Tobacco Products After Implementation of a Statewide Ban on Flavored Tobacco Product Sales and Advertising in Massachusetts.

Objectives: Massachusetts signed into law An Act Modernizing Tobacco Control (hereinafter, the Act) in 2019, which restricted retail sales of flavored tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes. This study assessed differences in advertising exposure to flavored tobacco products among adolescents in Massachusetts compared with adolescents in 4 neighboring states after passage of the Act.

Methods: We collected monthly cross-sectional survey data from April 2021 through August 2022 among a convenience sample of adolescents (aged 13-17 y) in Massachusetts and 4 control states: Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Heart Failure Subtypes: Insights From the Jackson Heart Study.

Background: Cigarette smoking has been associated with incident heart failure (HF). However, the association between cigarette smoking and smoking cessation with HF subtypes has not been well elucidated, particularly among Black people.

Methods And Results: We investigated 4189 (never smoker n=2934, former smoker n=761, current smoker n=464) Black participants (mean age 54 years, 64% women) without a history of HF or coronary heart disease at baseline in the Jackson Heart Study.

The yeast genome is globally accessible in living cells.

Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin, which is composed of condensed filaments of regularly spaced nucleosomes, resembling beads on a string. The nucleosome contains ~147 bp of DNA wrapped almost twice around a central core histone octamer. The packaging of DNA into chromatin represents a challenge to transcription factors and other proteins requiring access to their binding sites.

Adaptation to visual sparsity enhances responses to isolated stimuli.

Sensory systems adapt their response properties to the statistics of their inputs. For instance, visual systems adapt to low-order statistics like mean and variance to encode stimuli efficiently or to facilitate specific downstream computations. However, it remains unclear how other statistical features affect sensory adaptation.

Associations between mesolimbic connectivity, and alcohol use from adolescence to adulthood.

Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to limbic regions play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of substance use; however, the relationship between mesolimbic resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and alcohol use during development remains unclear. We examined the associations between alcohol use and VTA RSFC to subcortical structures in 796 participants (12-21 years old at baseline, 51 % female) across 9 waves of longitudinal data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence. Linear mixed effects models included interactions between age, sex, and alcohol use, and best fitting models were selected using log-likelihood ratio tests.

Change processes in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: A comparison of face-to-face and internet-based treatment formats.

Background: Compared to efficacy research, studies investigating the processes of change in psychological therapy are rare, especially for internet-based interventions. While many online therapies are based on face-to-face therapy protocols, it is unknown whether the processes of clinical improvement differ between these treatment formats.

Objective: To examine candidate change processes in an online therapist-guided cognitive therapy intervention for social anxiety disorder (iCT-SAD), and compare the results to the corresponding face-to-face therapy (CT-SAD).

The association between self-assessed improvement in mental health preceding rotator cuff repair and patient satisfaction: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: The association between preoperative mental health trends and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) outcomes and patient satisfaction has not been previously described. We investigated the association between a subjective change in preoperative mental health and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and achievement of patient satisfaction and substantial clinical benefit (SCB), defined as an improvement of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment score ≥ 17.5, following RCR.

Impact of nebulization versus metered-dose inhaler utilization on viral particle dispersion in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Conflicting guidance exists regarding the characterization of nebulization as an aerosol-generating procedure and subsequent risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to healthcare workers.

Aim/objective: This study sought to address whether SARS-CoV-2 viral load distribution was impacted by bronchodilator delivery via nebulizer versus metered-dose inhaler (MDI).

Methods: Adults infected with COVID-19 were enrolled and received a single dose of albuterol sulfate nebulized solution (2.

Prolonged STAT1 signaling in neurons causes hyperactive behavior.

The interferon (IFN)-induced STAT1 signaling pathway is a canonical immune pathway that has also been implicated in regulating neuronal activity. The pathway is enriched in brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Over-activation of the STAT1 pathway causes pathological transcriptional responses, however it is unclear how these responses might translate into behavioral phenotypes.

Understanding long-term risk in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in the Australian contemporary era with a focus on defining Complex Revascularisation in High-Risk Indicated Patients (CHIP).

Background: Complex Revascularisation in High-Risk Indicated Patients (CHIP) is emerging in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). We document the frequency and outcomes following CHIP PCI in the Australian population, to understand risk and guide clinical decision-making. We propose a scoring system to define CHIP procedures.