Edge vascular response after polymer-free vs. polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation.

Background: It is unknown if lack of polymer can provoke a different edge response in drug-eluting stents. The aim of this study was to compare edge vascular response between polymer-free paclitaxel-eluting stent (PF-PES) and polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents (PB-PES). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 165 eligible patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were prospectively randomized 1:1 to receive either PF-PES or PB-PES.

Randomized comparison between polymer-free versus polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stent: two-year final clinical results.

Background: Most drug-eluting stents currently in use are coated with a polymer carrying the drug that is released for several weeks. However, a durable polymer may provoke hypersensitive reaction, delayed artery healing, and eventually stent thrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of a polymer-free paclitaxel-eluting stent (PF-PES) versus a polymer-based PES (PB-PES).

Qualitative and quantitative accuracy of ultrasound-based virtual histology for detection of necrotic core in human coronary arteries.

The aim was to test the accuracy of virtual histology (VH) for detecting necrotic core (NC) in an ex vivo human model of coronary arteries as compared to real histology (RH). A total of nine consecutive explanted hearts were included in the study. Coronary segments, clearly identified by anatomical landmarks, were analyzed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS-VH) immediately after heart collection and thereafter by RH.

Endothelial and smooth muscle cells dysfunction distal to recanalized chronic total coronary occlusions and the relationship with the collateral connection grade.

Objectives: This study sought to assess the vascular function in patients with chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) immediately after successful percutaneous recanalization and its relation with the pre-existing collateral circulation.

Background: CTOs represent a long-acting occlusion of a coronary vessel, in which the progressively developed collateral circulation may limit ischemia and symptoms. However, it is unknown if the coronary segment distal to the occlusion has a preserved vascular function.

Adequate antiplatelet regimen in patients on chronic anti-vitamin K treatment undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Aim: To investigate the impact of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) in patients on anti-vitamin K (AVK) regimen requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: Between February 2006 and February 2008, 138 consecutive patients under chronic AVK treatment were enrolled in this registry. Of them, 122 received bare metal stent implantation and 16 received drug eluting stent implantation.

The Guideliner™ catheter for stent delivery in difficult cases: tips and tricks.

Introduction: Stent delivery in complex coronary anatomy with severe calcification and tortuosity is still a common cause of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) failure. Recently, a new support rapid exchange catheter, the Guideliner, has been designed specifically for device delivery.

Methods: From June 2010 to December 2010, we performed 10 cases using the Guideliner catheter to improve backup support and facilitate stent delivery: 2 emergent PCI for ST elevation myocardial infarction, and 8 stable elective PCI.

Emergent versus elective percutaneous stent implantation in the unprotected left main: long-term outcomes from a single-center registry.

Background: Unprotected left main (ULM) coronary disease is considered by contemporary guidelines a class I indication for surgery. However, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often carried out in the ULM in either emergent or high-risk elective procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate ULM-PCI as a feasible and safe procedure in the emergent setting, and to analyze outcomes in both scenarios.

[Usefulness of the Tornus® catheter in nondilatable coronary chronic total occlusion].

The treatment of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) remains a challenge for the interventional cardiologist. Failure of balloon angioplasty is the second more common cause of an unsuccessful procedure. We describe our experience with the use of the new Tornus® catheter (Asahi Intecc, Aichi, Japan) designed specifically for the treatment of "nondilatable" CTO.

[Rescue maneuver for entrapped stent in the coronary tree].

We describe two patients in whom stents dislodged from the unexpanded balloon during angioplasty and remained trapped in the coronary tree. In one patient the stent was located in the curvature of the circumflex artery and, in the other patient, it was detected in the distal left main artery. Retrieval of the undeployed stents was accomplished in the first case after advancing a low profile balloon through the stent and, in the second case, after placing a second guidewire exterior to the stent.

Endothelial progenitor cell capturing stent and short dual antiplatelet therapy in patients on chronic anti-vitamin k regimen undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: long-term outcomes of a single centre registry.

Aims: To evaluate outcomes of the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) capture stent in patients on chronic anti-vitamin K (AVK) regimen, requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods And Results: Between February 2007 and February 2008, 78 consecutive patients under chronic AVK treatment undergoing PCI were enrolled in the registry and received an EPC capture stent. The incidence of comorbid conditions was analysed by the Charlson index.

Diabetes mellitus: a prothrombotic state implications for outcomes after coronary revascularization.

Coronary stent thrombosis is a serious problem in the drug-eluting stent era. Despite aggressive antiplatelet therapy during and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the incidence of sub-acute stent thrombosis remains approximately 0.5%-2%, which may represent a catastrophic clinical situation.

Left main coronary artery stenosis following surgical valve replacement: changing valvular into ischemic heart disease.

Left main stem coronary artery (LMSCA) stenosis after surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) is a rare but potentially lethal complication. Among the different possible causes, antegrade cardioplegia for direct coronary perfusion seems to be the most significant and prevalent. Here we discuss two cases of late presentation of iatrogenic coronary ostial stenosis following valve replacement surgery.

Plaque vulnerability and related coronary event prediction by intravascular ultrasound with virtual histology: "it's a long way to tipperary"?

Identification of so-called "vulnerable plaque" or "high-risk" plaques have spawned manifold attempts to develop diagnostic tools capable to afford this task. This task is particularly challenging but the reward is high: local intervention on identified "vulnerable plaque" could preclude plaque thrombosis and possibly prevent acute coronary syndromes. Various imaging techniques are currently under investigation by extensive clinical testing to identify which could become the most sensible and specific modality for vulnerable plaque detection.

Engineering aspects of stents design and their translation into clinical practice.

The implantation of coronary stents is a relevant part of interventional procedures for percutaneous revascularization. The wide acceptance of coronary stenting was based on the results of two highly significant trials which have shown the superiority of stenting over balloon angioplasty in terms of reduction of angiographic restenosis and need for repeated intervention in focal lesions and large coronary arteries. Since then, the growing use of stent market was impressive.

Association between enhanced soluble CD40 ligand and proinflammatory and prothrombotic states in major depressive disorder: pilot observations on the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with low-grade inflammation, and it is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). CD40 ligand (CD40L) plays an important role in inflammation, platelet activation, and clotting system activation. We investigated soluble CD40L (sCD40L) expression in MDD and assessed whether it may represent a molecular mechanism that links inflammation and a prothrombotic state and whether this condition may be modified by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy.

Decreased plasma adiponectin concentration in major depression.

Adiponectin is the most abundant adipose-derived plasma protein. Recently adiponectin levels have been linked to most variables of metabolic syndrome and conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, its relation with major depression is yet unclear.

Regulatory role of endothelium in the expression of genes affecting arterial calcification.

Vascular calcification is a highly regulated process sharing features of bone mineralization. Since endothelium regulates many of the processes during atherogenesis, we monitored the expression of genes involved in calcification upon exposure of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) to atherogenic stimuli. Genes studied were: core binding factor alpha-1 (Cbfa1/Runx2), a pivotal transcriptional regulator of osteogenesis; bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), an inducer of cartilage and bone; and matrix gla-protein (MGP), a potent inhibitor of calcification, which exerts its action by blocking BMP2.