Large-scale and long-term wildlife research and monitoring using camera traps: a continental synthesis.

Camera traps are widely used in wildlife research and monitoring, so it is imperative to understand their strengths, limitations, and potential for increasing impact. We investigated a decade of use of wildlife cameras (2012-2022) with a case study on Australian terrestrial vertebrates using a multifaceted approach. We (i) synthesised information from a literature review; (ii) conducted an online questionnaire of 132 professionals; (iii) hosted an in-person workshop of 28 leading experts representing academia, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and government; and (iv) mapped camera trap usage based on all sources.

A Mixed Methods Longitudinal Investigation of Maternal Depression Across the Perinatal Period Among Mothers Who Gave Birth During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Depression during the perinatal period is associated with negative outcomes for both mothers and children, including higher rates of chronic depression in mothers and physical, emotional, and cognitive issues in children. This study aimed to determine how the stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among a sample of peripartum mothers who gave birth during the pandemic. This study also examined risk factors for postpartum depression, including prenatal depressive symptoms, demographic characteristics, timing of birth during the pandemic, pregnancy intention, birth expectations and experiences, and pandemic-related concerns.

"Grief Explodes all Relationships": Experiences of Grief and Coping Among Parents and Siblings Following the Death of a Child.

The death of a child is an intense loss for families, which impacts the wellbeing of parents, surviving siblings, and the family as a whole. This study expanded on existing literature by collecting qualitative accounts from bereaved parents and siblings about their experiences before, during, and after the death of a child in their family. In total, 15 participants from 9 families completed semi-structured interviews.

Coping Following Bereavement: Comparing European American and Japanese Emerging Adults.

Although bereavement is an experience emerging adults of every culture go through, there is limited cross-cultural research on coping following bereavement. Therefore, this study aimed to explore similarities and differences between European American and Japanese emerging adults regarding their experiences with coping strategies following a death, with consideration of cultural rituals related to bereavement. Open-ended 30- to 50-min virtual interviews were conducted among 7 European American and 7 Japanese adults between the ages of 20-30 years old.

"I have a Ph.D. in my daughter": Mother and Child Experiences of Living with Childhood Chronic Illness.

Children in the United States are increasingly living with chronic illnesses. Existing literature has focused on adolescent children's experiences. The current study involved interviews with 10 families: children (ages 6-11) diagnosed with chronic illnesses and their mothers to better understand the experience of living with chronic illness.

Pregnancy and Childbirth Expectations During COVID-19 in a Convenience Sample of Women in the United States.

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the health care landscape and shifted individuals' expectations for and interactions with essential health services, including pregnancy-related care. This study explores alterations to individuals' pregnancy and childbirth decisions during an infectious disease pandemic. A convenience sample of 380 pregnant individuals with an expected delivery date between April and December 2020 consented to enroll and complete an online questionnaire on their pregnancy and childbirth expectations during the COVID-19 pandemic; a subset of respondents ( = 18) participated in semi-structured phone interviews.

Camera-traps are a cost-effective method for surveying terrestrial squamates: A comparison with artificial refuges and pitfall traps.

Introduction: Fundamental data on the distributions, diversity, and threat status of terrestrial snakes and lizards (hereafter squamates) is limited. This is due to the cryptic nature of species in this faunal group, and to limitations in the effectiveness of the survey methods used to detect these species. Camera-traps are a useful tool for detecting numerous vertebrate species, yet their use for detecting squamates has been limited.

Elucidating Patterns in the Occurrence of Threatened Ground-Dwelling Marsupials Using Camera-Traps.

Establishing trends in endangered fauna against management efforts is a key but often challenging enterprise. Camera-traps offer a new and literal window into monitoring many different mammalian species. Getting it right demands seeking baseline information about how often target species interact with these devices, prior to setting a long-term monitoring strategy.

Improving Terrestrial Squamate Surveys with Camera-Trap Programming and Hardware Modifications.

Camera-traps are used widely around the world to census a range of vertebrate fauna, particularly mammals but also other groups including birds, as well as snakes and lizards (squamates). In an attempt to improve the reliability of camera-traps for censusing squamates, we examined whether programming options involving time lapse capture of images increased detections. This was compared to detections by camera-traps set to trigger by the standard passive infrared sensor setting (PIR), and camera-traps set to take images using time lapse in combination with PIR.

Unique grief experiences: The needs of emerging adults facing the death of a parent.

Enduring the death of a family member during emerging adulthood is associated with intense grief. In total, 15 adults between the ages of 18-32 were interviewed about their experiences. Results indicated emerging adults experience a range of mixed emotions after losing a parent, face unique challenges related to their developmental stage, and tend to be resilient moving forward.

MicroRNA-31 Targets Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Mucosal Infiltrated CD4+ T Cells: A Role in Achieving Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis?

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by disruption of the mucosal intestinal barrier. MicroRNAs, single-stranded noncoding RNAs of approximately 22nt, are dysregulated in UC. MicroRNAs targeting thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine involved in T-cell maturation and polarization, may be involved in regulating UC inflammation and mucosal healing.

MicroRNA-31 and MicroRNA-155 Are Overexpressed in Ulcerative Colitis and Regulate IL-13 Signaling by Targeting Interleukin 13 Receptor α-1.

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is an important Type 2 T helper (Th2) cytokine, controlling biological functions in epithelium and has been linked to asthma, atopic dermatitis and ulcerative colitis (UC). Interleukin-13 signals through IL-13 receptor α-1 ( (gene) and IL13Rα1 (protein)), a receptor that can be regulated by microRNAs (miRs). MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs with a role in several pathologies.

Data on the fungal species consumed by mammal species in Australia.

The data reported here support the manuscript Nuske et al. (2017) [1]. Searches were made for quantitative data on the occurrence of fungi within dietary studies of Australian mammal species.

Am I too old for this, Doctor? Using population life expectancy to guide clinical decision-making.

Objective: Prognostication is important in clinical decision-making, especially for older people. The aim was to present estimates of life expectancy for older people in New Zealand.

Methods: Statistics New Zealand age-sex-specific death rates were used to derive quartiles of expected years of life remaining in people aged over 65 years.

Reciprocal Associations Among Maternal and Child Characteristics of At-Risk Families: A Longitudinal Actor-Partner Interdependence Model.

Researchers have found linear associations among maternal and child characteristics. However, family systems theorists suggest that relationships are more complex and family members are interdependent. We used actor-partner interdependence modeling to unravel associations among maternal and child characteristics to predict outcomes in adolescence.

Efficacy of systemically oriented psychotherapies in the treatment of perinatal depression: a meta-analysis.

The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of systemically oriented psychotherapy treatments for depression in pregnancy and the postpartum. Specifically, this synthesis examined standardized mean differences between pre- and posttest and treatment-control conditions in depression symptom reduction among 24 individual interpersonal psychotherapy or relational psychotherapy studies completed between 1997 and 2013. Analyses assessed heterogeneity, potential moderators, and publication bias.

Consideration of abortion in pregnancy: demographic characteristics, mental health, and protective factors.

This study examined demographic characteristics, available resources, and mental health outcomes of women who did and did not consider abortion in pregnancy. Using data collected between 1998 and 2000 from 2,937 mothers recruited for the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, this study examined whether women who did and did not consider abortion differed in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and resources at the birth of their children and mental health outcomes when their children were one year old. This study further examined protective factors associated with low parenting stress at one year postpartum, despite initial abortion consideration.

Improving outpatient services: the Southampton IBD virtual clinic.

The follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is challenging due to the relapsing remitting nature of the diseases, the wide spectrum of severity and complexity as well as the need for monitoring of long-term complications and drug treatments. Conventional outpatient follow-up lacks flexibility for patients and there are competing pressures for clinic time. Alternative follow-up pathways include telephone clinics, self-management programmes or discharging patients.

Nitrogen content, amino acid composition and digestibility of fungi from a nutritional perspective in animal mycophagy.

Fungi comprise a major part of the diet of many animals. Even so, the nutritional value of fungi has been much debated, with some arguing that fungi are nutritionally poor. However, the chemical composition of fungi and of the biology of the animals that eat them are not well understood, particularly in reference to amino acid (AA) composition of fungi and digestibility of fungal protein.

Improving outpatient services: the Southampton IBD virtual clinic.

The follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is challenging due to the relapsing remitting nature of the diseases, the wide spectrum of severity and complexity as well as the need for monitoring of long-term complications and drug treatments. Conventional outpatient follow-up lacks flexibility for patients and there are competing pressures for clinic time. Alternative follow-up pathways include telephone clinics, self-management programmes or discharging patients.