Phase quantification using deep neural network processing of XRD patterns.

Mineral identification and quantification are key to the understanding and, hence, the capacity to predict material properties. The method of choice for mineral quantification is powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), generally using a Rietveld refinement approach. However, a successful Rietveld refinement requires preliminary identification of the phases that make up the sample.

Sequential Inhibition of PARP and BET as a Rational Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma.

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) hold substantial promise in treating glioblastoma (GBM). However, the adverse effects have restricted their broad application. Through unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing, it is discovered that the BET inhibitor (BETi) Birabresib profoundly alters the processes of DNA replication and cell cycle progression in GBM cells, beyond the previously reported impact of BET inhibition on homologous recombination repair.

Long-term, sustainable solutions to radioactive waste management.

Nuclear power plays a pivotal role in ensuring a scalable, affordable, and reliable low-carbon electricity supply. Along with other low-carbon energy technologies, nuclear energy is essential for reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, addressing climate change and air pollution, and achieving a sustainable economy. Whilst significant progress has been made in reducing the volume of final radioactive waste, its management remains one of the most important challenges when considering the continued use and expansion of nuclear energy.

Stellettin B Sensitizes Glioblastoma to DNA-Damaging Treatments by Suppressing PI3K-Mediated Homologous Recombination Repair.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of cancer. Its current first-line postsurgery regimens are radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, both of which are DNA damage-inducing therapies but show very limited efficacy and a high risk of resistance. There is an urgent need to develop novel agents to sensitize GBM to DNA-damaging treatments.

Hydroxychloroquine synergizes with the PI3K inhibitor BKM120 to exhibit antitumor efficacy independent of autophagy.

Background: The critical role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in tumor cell biology has prompted massive efforts to develop PI3K inhibitors (PI3Kis) for cancer therapy. However, recent results from clinical trials have shown only a modest therapeutic efficacy of single-agent PI3Kis in solid tumors. Targeting autophagy has controversial context-dependent effects in cancer treatment.

Identification of a seven-long non-coding RNA signature associated with Jab1/CSN5 in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for over 700,000 deaths each year. The lack of predictive and prognostic biomarkers for HCC, with effective therapy, remains a significant challenge for HCC management. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in tumorigenesis and have clinical value as potential biomarkers in the early diagnosis and prediction of HCC.

Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the resistance to antitumor therapy, and their potential therapeutic mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates, which seriously endangers human health. Although treatment methods continue to evolve, the emergence of drug resistance is inevitable and seriously hinders the treatment of NSCLC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) protects tumor cells from the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, which can lead to drug resistance.

Correction: Stat3 inhibitor stattic exhibits potent antitumor activity and induces chemo- and radio-sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Hydration Properties and Interlayer Organization in Synthetic C-S-H.

Water in calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is one of the key parameters driving the macroscopic behavior of cement materials for which water vapor partial pressure has an impact on Young's modulus and the volumic properties. Several samples of C-S-H with a bulk Ca/Si ratio ranging between 0.6 and 1.

YAP1 Promotes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with HBsAg (+) commonly present with high frequencies of distant metastasis and poor survival rate; however, the mechanism has not been elucidated.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression between HBsAg (+) and HBsAg (-) of NPC patients, then analyzed the relationship of YAP1 with survival. We further explored the anti-tumor role in NPC cell lines using YAP1 siRNA technique, and checked whether YAP1 regulatesepithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT).

Verteporfin Inhibits PD-L1 through Autophagy and the STAT1-IRF1-TRIM28 Signaling Axis, Exerting Antitumor Efficacy.

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key driver of tumor-mediated immune suppression, and targeting it with antibodies can induce therapeutic responses. Given the costs and associated toxicity of PD-L1 blockade, alternative therapeutic strategies are needed. Using reverse-phase protein arrays to assess drugs in use or likely to enter trials, we performed a candidate drug screen for inhibitors of PD-L1 expression and identified verteporfin as a possible small-molecule inhibitor.

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: Tregs is correlated with poor overall survival.

Systematic interrogation of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) is key to the prediction of clinical outcome and development of immunotherapies. However, little is known about the TIICs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its impact on the prognosis of patients and potential for immunotherapy. We applied CIBERSORT of 1090 tumors to infer the infiltration of 22 subsets of TIICs using gene expression data.

MicroRNA-17 acts as a tumor chemosensitizer by targeting JAB1/CSN5 in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the poorest prognosis. Evidence indicates that aberrant JAB1/CSN5 expression is associated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated expression of JAB1 in TNBC and potential mechanisms regulating this expression.

MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy of epithelial origin that is prone to local invasion and early distant metastasis. Although concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy improves the 5-year survival outcomes, persistent or recurrent disease still occurs. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are needed for NPC patients.

Thermodynamic evidence of giant salt deposit formation by serpentinization: an alternative mechanism to solar evaporation.

The evaporation of seawater in arid climates is currently the main accepted driving mechanism for the formation of ancient and recent salt deposits in shallow basins. However, the deposition of huge amounts of marine salts, including the formation of tens of metres of highly soluble types (tachyhydrite and bischofite) during the Aptian in the South Atlantic and during the Messinian Salinity Crisis, are inconsistent with the wet and warm palaeoclimate conditions reconstructed for these periods. Recently, a debate has been developed that opposes the classic model of evaporite deposition and argues for the generation of salt by serpentinization.

AP-1 Transcription Factors as Regulators of Immune Responses in Cancer.

Immune check point blockade therapy has revolutionized the standard of cancer treatment and is credited with producing remarkable tumor remissions and increase in overall survival. This unprecedented clinical success however is feasible for a limited number of cancer patients due to resistance occurring before or during a course of immunotherapy, which is often associated with activation of oncogenic signaling pathways, co-inhibitory checkpoints upregulation or expansion of immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenviroment (TME). Targeted therapy aiming to inactivate a signaling pathway such as the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) has recently received a lot of attention due to emerging data from preclinical studies indicating synergy with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

The novel Jab1 inhibitor CSN5i-3 suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.

Jab1 is a vital subunit of the CSN family and is reported to be overexpressed in numerous cancer types. Due to the importance of Jab1/CSN5 in cancer cell proliferation and survival, Jab1 is considered a promising therapeutic target. Therefore, we evaluated the anticancer effect of the novel Jab1 inhibitor CSN5i-3 in breast cancer cells.

A four-methylated mRNA signature-based risk score system predicts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Evidence suggests that altered DNA methylation plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, methylated differently expressed genes (MDEGs) could potentially serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC. In the present study, screening four genomics profiling datasets (GSE62232, GSE84402, GSE73003 and GSE57956) enabled us to identify a total of 148 MDEGs.

Jab1/Cops5 contributes to chemoresistance in breast cancer by regulating Rad51.

Jab1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, suggestting that targeting the aberrant Jab1 signaling in breast cancer could be a promising strategy. In the current study, we investigate the hypothesis that Jab1 positively regulates the DNA repair protein Rad51 and, in turn, the cellular response of breast cancer to chemotherapy with adriamycin and cisplatin. High-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data from 113 normal and 1109 tumor tissues (obtained from TCGA) were integrated to our analysis to give further support to our findings.

hsa‑miR‑24 suppresses metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating the c‑Myc/epithelial‑mesenchymal transition axis.

Distant metastasis is the major contributor to treatment failure and mortality in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The lack of effective treatment strategies for metastatic NPC is the major cause for the low survival rate. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC metastasis and to identify potential biomarkers for targeted therapy.

Thermodynamic and crystallographic model for anion uptake by hydrated calcium aluminate (AFm): an example of molybdenum.

Amongst all cement phases, hydrated calcium aluminate (AFm) plays a major role in the retention of anionic species. Molybdenum (Mo), whose Mo isotope is considered a major steel activation product, will be released mainly under the form of MoO in a radioactive waste repository. Understanding its fate is of primary importance in a safety analysis of such disposal.