Re-valuation of annual cytology using HPV self-sampling to upgrade prevention (REACH UP): A feasibility study in women living with HIV in the UK.

Introduction: Current UK guidelines for cervical cancer screening are based on the assumption that most women living with HIV (WLWH) are also high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive. We aimed to provide data on prevalence of HR-HPV in WLWH in the UK and to assess feasibility and acceptability of HR-HPV self-sampling in this group.

Methods: Women living with HIV attending six HIV services in London/south of England, with no history of cervical cancer, were enrolled.

Early menopause in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Premature menopause can occur in women living with human HIV. In this study, we analyzed and reviewed published literature using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases since the year 1990 using a combination of MeSH terms such as "Early," "Premature," "Menopause," "HIV," and "Hormones." Monitoring and implementation of targeted interventions for premature or early menopause among HIV-infected women might prevent or delay complications such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health issues.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and HIV/AIDS: A New Way of Modulation of Cardiovascular Risk.

With the advent and subsequent success of antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection has largely become a chronic condition and is increasingly seen alongside metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, the administration of antiretroviral therapy itself is associated with an increase in the incidence of metabolic risk factors, namely insulin resistance, lipoatrophy, dyslipidemia, and abnormalities of fat distribution, in HIV patients. Thus, further challenges in the management of HIV patients include the management of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

HIV-Associated Nephropathy in Africa: Pathology, Clinical Presentation and Strategy for Prevention.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can lead to progressive decline in renal function known as HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Importantly, individuals of African ancestry are more at risk of developing HIVAN than their European descent counterparts. An in-depth search on Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed was conducted using the terms "HIVAN" and "pathology and clinical presentation", in addition to "prevalence and risk factors for HIVAN", with special emphasis on African countries for any articles published between 1990 and 2017.

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in people living with HIV in Africa: re-emerging challenges not to be forgotten.

Background: The current challenge in managing people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) includes the identification and monitoring for comorbid health risks associated with HIV and its treatment and longer survival. Dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are increasingly seen in PLWHIV.

Objective: In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about diabetes, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in PLWHIV in Africa and also to discuss the challenges that patients as well as health authorities in Africa may face.

Metabolic clinic for individuals with HIV/AIDS: a commitment and vision to the future of HIV services.

One of the biggest current challenges in managing an ageing cohort living with the HIV is handling dyslipidaemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Combination antiretroviral therapy decrease mortality and morbidity in HIV patients, but lead to increase in insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, abnormalities of fat distribution and high risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a metabolic clinic was established for individuals living with HIV in the Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

Multivalent IDP assemblies: Unique properties of LC8-associated, IDP duplex scaffolds.

A wide variety of subcellular complexes are composed of one or more intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are multivalent, flexible, and characterized by dynamic binding of diverse partner proteins. These multivalent IDP assemblies, of broad functional diversity, are classified here into five categories distinguished by the number of IDP chains and the arrangement of partner proteins in the functional complex. Examples of each category are summarized in the context of the exceptional molecular and biological properties of IDPs.

Computer-assisted survey of attitudes to HIV and sexually transmissible infection partner notification in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

Background: HIV infection continues to rise in men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK. Of concern are the high rates of sexually transmissible infections (STI) among HIV-positive MSM, as this is associated with onward HIV transmission. Conventional partner notification (PN) may be limited in this group by the presence of multiple non-contactable partners and the fear of breach of HIV status.

Partially folded bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor analogues attain fully native structures when co-crystallized with S195A rat trypsin.

Crystal structures, at 1.7 A resolution, were solved for complexes between each of two chemically synthesized partially folded analogues of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) with the proteolytically inactive rat trypsin mutant S195A. The BPTI analogue termed [14-38](Abu) retains only the disulfide bond between Cys14 and Cys38, while Cys5, Cys30, Cys51, and Cys55 are replaced by isosteric alpha-amino-n-butyric acid residues.

Assessing positive and negative changes in the aftermath of adversity: psychometric evaluation of the changes in outlook questionnaire.

The Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CiOQ; S. Joseph, R. Williams, & W.

Native-like conformations are sampled by partially folded and disordered variants of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.

Partially folded conformational ensembles of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) are accessed by replacing Cys 5, 30, 51, and 55 by alpha-amino-n-butyric acid (Abu) while retaining the disulfide between Cys 14 and 38; the resultant variant is termed [14-38](Abu). Two new analogues with modifications in the beta-turn, P26D27[14-38](Abu) and N26G27K28[14-38](Abu), are compared to partially folded [14-38](Abu), as well as to [R](Abu), the unfolded protein with all six Cys residues replaced by Abu. Structural features of the new analogues of [14-38](Abu) have been determined by circular dichroism (CD), one-dimensional (1)H NMR, and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence experiments.

Positive change processes and post-traumatic growth in people who have experienced childhood abuse: understanding vehicles of change.

Post-traumatic growth is an emerging area of research concerned with the positive psychological changes that can follow the experience of traumatic events. The aim of this study is to explore themes of post-traumatic growth within personal experience narratives of individuals who have experienced some form of early emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. Using thematic analysis, we identified three domains of themes related to positive change processes: inner drive toward growth, vehicles of change, and psychological changes.

Hydrogen exchange, core modules, and new designed proteins.

A strategy for design of new proteins that mimic folding properties of native proteins is based on peptides modeled on the slow exchange cores of natural proteins. We have synthesized peptides, called core modules, that correspond to the elements of secondary structure that carry the very slowest exchanging amides in a protein. The expectation is that, if soluble in water, core modules will form conformational ensembles that favor native-like structure.

BetaCore, a designed water soluble four-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet protein.

BetaCore is a designed approximately 50-residue protein in which two BPTI-derived core modules, CM I and CM II, are connected by a 22-atom cross-link. At low temperature and pH 3, homo- and heteronuclear NMR data report a dominant folded ('f') conformation with well-dispersed chemical shifts, i, i+1 periodicity, numerous long-range NOEs, and slowed amide hydrogen isotope exchange patterns that is a four-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet with nonsymmetrical and specific association of CM I and CM II. BetaCore 'f' conformations undergo reversible, global, moderately cooperative, non-two-state thermal transitions to an equilibrium ensemble of unfolded 'u' conformations.

Native-like interactions favored in the unfolded bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor have different roles in folding.

Folding kinetics of a series of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) variants with similar stabilities and structures have been measured. All are strongly destabilized relative to WT. In Y21A, F22A, Y23A, G37A, and F45A, the three native disulfide bonds are retained.

A highly destabilizing mutation, G37A, of the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor retains the average native conformation but greatly increases local flexibility.

A point mutation, G37A, on the surface of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) destabilizes the protein by approximately 5 kcal/mol, which is very high for addition of one methyl group. In wild-type (WT) BPTI, Gly 37 HN is in an unusual NH-aromatic-NH network of interactions with the ring of Tyr 35 and the side chain HN of Asn 44. G37A was designed to disrupt this interaction, since the phi and psi backbone angles of G37 are not favorable for an amino acid containing a beta-carbon.