'There's more to life than staring at a small screen': a mixed methods cohort study of problematic smartphone use and the relationship to anxiety, depression and sleep in students aged 13-16 years old in the UK.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common in adolescents and have increased over the last decade. During that period, smartphone usage has become ubiquitous.

Objectives: The study aim was to assess the association between problematic smartphone usage (PSU) and anxiety.

A study protocol for a European, mixed methods, prospective, cohort study of the effectiveness of naloxone administration by community members, in reversing opioid overdose: NalPORS.

Background: Worldwide, opioid use causes more than 100,000 overdose deaths annually. Naloxone has proven efficacy in reversing opioid overdoses and is approved as an emergency antidote to opioid overdose. Take home naloxone (THN) programmes have been introduced to provide 'community members', who are likely to observe opioid overdoses, with naloxone kits and train them to recognise an overdose and administer naloxone.

A latent class analysis of cannabis use products in a general population sample of adolescents and their association with paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganisation and grandiosity.

Adolescents have access to a wide range of cannabis products with patterns of use becoming increasingly diverse. This study aimed to identify subgroups of adolescents in the general population who use similar types of cannabis and their association with psychotic experiences. Data on cannabis use were obtained from 467 adolescents aged between 16 and 17 years.

Learning from Practice: How East Lancashire Hospitals' Pharmacy Service Has Embraced Information Technology.

The ethos of the pharmacy service at East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust (ELHT) could be described as 'let's make things better'. We have a history of innovation involving technology and people; one without the other does not work but together they are synergistic. The Trust currently does not have an electronic patient record (ePR) or electronic prescribing and medicines administration (ePMA), although we do have electronic prescribing for chemotherapy.

Characterising heterogeneity in the use of different cannabis products: latent class analysis with 55 000 people who use cannabis and associations with severity of cannabis dependence.

Background: As new cannabis products and administration methods proliferate, patterns of use are becoming increasingly heterogeneous. However, few studies have explored different profiles of cannabis use and their association with problematic use.

Methods: Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of past-year cannabis users endorsing distinct patterns of use from a large international sample (n = 55 240).

Effects of increasing cannabis potency on adolescent health.

Cannabis is the most prevalent illicit drug used by adolescents worldwide. Over the past 40 years, changes in cannabis potency through rising concentrations of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabiol (THC), decreases in cannabidiol, or both, have occurred. Epidemiological and experimental evidence demonstrates that cannabis with high THC concentrations and negligible cannabidiol concentrations is associated with an increased risk of psychotic outcomes, an effect on spatial working memory and prose recall, and increased reports of the severity of cannabis dependence.

Genetic and Environmental Interplay in Adolescent Substance Use Disorders.

Adolescent substance use is of considerable public health importance. This narrative review provides a brief background to genetically informative research methodologies and highlights key recent literature examining the interplay between genetic and environmental influences in the etiology of substance use. Twin studies have quantified the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences, and more recently co-relative and Children of Twin designs have shown environments can moderate heritability.

Two-year impact of personality-targeted, teacher-delivered interventions on youth internalizing and externalizing problems: a cluster-randomized trial.

Objective: To assess the 2-year impact of teacher-delivered, brief, personality-targeted interventions on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in an adolescent U.K. sample.

Effectiveness of a selective, personality-targeted prevention program for adolescent alcohol use and misuse: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Context: Selective school-based alcohol prevention programs targeting youth with personality risk factors for addiction and mental health problems have been found to reduce substance use and misuse in those with elevated personality profiles.

Objectives: To report 24-month outcomes of the Teacher-Delivered Personality-Targeted Interventions for Substance Misuse Trial (Adventure trial) in which school staff were trained to provide interventions to students with 1 of 4 high-risk (HR) profiles: anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking and to examine the indirect herd effects of this program on the broader low-risk (LR) population of students who were not selected for intervention.

Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial.

Long-term effects of a personality-targeted intervention to reduce alcohol use in adolescents.

Objective: To examine the long-term effects of a personality-targeted intervention on drinking quantity and frequency (QF), problem drinking, and personality-specific motivations for alcohol use in early adolescence.

Method: A randomized control trial was carried out with 364 adolescents (median age 14) recruited from 13 secondary schools with elevated scores in Hopelessness, Anxiety-Sensitivity (AS), Impulsivity, and Sensation-Seeking. Participants were randomly assigned to a control no-intervention condition or a 2-session group coping skills intervention targeting 1 of 4 personality risk factors.

Personality moderates the longitudinal relationship between psychological symptoms and alcohol use in adolescents.

Background: A great deal of research has emerged on the comorbidity between alcohol misuse and psychological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and antisocial behavior or conduct disorder) in adolescence.

A systematic evaluation and validation of subtypes of adolescent alcohol use motives: genetic and environmental contributions.

Background: Alcohol use motives are closely associated with specific profiles of alcohol use and reflect a subjectively derived decisional framework based on a motivational style of responding. Adult twin studies typically estimate the heritability of alcohol use motives to be between 7 and 42%, although relatively little is known about genetic and environmental influences upon alcohol use motives in adolescence.

Methods: Latent class analysis (LCA) models containing 1 through 5 classes were fitted to the data derived from 1,422 adolescent twin and siblings self-reported alcohol use motives.

Adolescent bullying victimisation and alcohol-related problem behaviour mediated by coping drinking motives over a 12 month period.

Background: Despite the adverse externalising risks associated with bullying victimisation, no study has investigated the underlying mechanisms of adolescent victims' engagement with alcohol. This current study investigated the development of risky coping drinking motives as a mediator in the relationship between adolescent school victimisation and alcohol-related problem behaviour using a longitudinal design over 12 months.

Method: We recruited 324 participants, aged 13 to 15 from schools across London, England.

Personality-targeted interventions delay uptake of drinking and decrease risk of alcohol-related problems when delivered by teachers.

Objective: This trial examined the efficacy of teacher-delivered personality-targeted interventions for alcohol-misuse over a 6-month period.

Method: This randomized controlled trial randomly allocated participating schools to intervention (n = 11) or control (n = 7) conditions. A total of 2,506 (mean age, 13.

Personality-targeted interventions delay the growth of adolescent drinking and binge drinking.

Background: Personality factors are implicated in the vulnerability to adolescent alcohol misuse. This study examined whether providing personality-targeted interventions in early adolescence can delay drinking and binge drinking in high-risk youth.

Methods: A randomised control trial was carried out with 368 adolescents recruited from years 9 and 10 (median age 14) with personality risk factors for substance misuse.

Educational provision for children with specific speech and language difficulties: perspectives of speech and language therapy service managers.

Background: Children with specific speech and language difficulties (SSLD) pose a challenge to the education system, and to speech and language therapists who support them, as a result of their language needs and associated educational and social-behavioural difficulties. The development of inclusion raises questions regarding appropriate provision, whether the tradition of language units or full inclusion into mainstream schools.

Aims: To gather the views of speech and language therapy service managers in England and Wales regarding approaches to service delivery, terminology and decision-making for educational provision, and the use of direct and indirect (consultancy) models of intervention.

The nature of written language deficits in children with SLI.

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) have associated difficulties in reading decoding and reading comprehension. To date, few research studies have examined the children's written language. The aim of the present study was to (a) evaluate the nature and extent of the children's difficulties with writing and (b) investigate the relationship between oral and written language.