Lowe syndrome-linked endocytic adaptors direct membrane cycling kinetics with OCRL in .

Mutations of the inositol 5-phosphatase OCRL cause Lowe syndrome (LS), characterized by congenital cataract, low IQ, and defective kidney proximal tubule resorption. A key subset of LS mutants abolishes OCRL's interactions with endocytic adaptors containing F&H peptide motifs. Converging unbiased methods examining human peptides and the unicellular phagocytic organism reveal that, like OCRL, the OCRL orthologue Dd5P4 binds two proteins closely related to the F&H proteins APPL1 and Ses1/2 (also referred to as IPIP27A/B).

Using the BOLD MR signal to differentiate the stereoisomers of ketamine in the rat.

Rationale: Ketamine is a chiral molecule that is reported to model aspects of schizophrenia.

Objectives: To investigate the stereospecificity of the isomers of ketamine using pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) in order to further understand ketamine's pharmacodynamic actions.

Method: Responses to 25 mg kg-1S(+) isomer, R(-) isomer and racemic ketamine in independent groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated using a prepulse inhibition paradigm, locomotor observations, MRI and 2-deoxyglucose techniques.

Mapping the central effects of ketamine in the rat using pharmacological MRI.

Rationale: Ketamine induces, in both humans and rodents, behaviours analogous to some of the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Objectives: To utilise pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) techniques that identify changes in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast to determine the temporal and spatial neuronal activation profile of ketamine in the rat brain.

Method: To obtain a pharmacodynamic profile of the drug, we assessed changes in locomotor activity after vehicle and 10 and 25 mg/kg ketamine.