Colorectal Cancer Outcomes: A Comparative Review of Resource-Limited Settings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Rural America.

Colorectal cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where patient-centered outcomes following surgery are often suboptimal. Although more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), segments of the United States have similarly limited healthcare resources, resulting in stark inequities even within close geographic proximity. This review compares and contrasts colorectal cancer outcomes in LMICs with those in resource-constrained communities in rural America, utilizing an established implementation science framework to identify key determinants of practice for delivering high-quality colorectal cancer care.

The Disproportionate Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Time Allocation of Recipients of NIH Career Development Awards Who Are Women or Caregivers of Dependents.

Purpose: To understand time allocation of a national medical faculty cohort 1.5-2 years after the COVID-19 pandemic began compared with before.

Method: From August 2021-April 2022, the authors conducted a retrospective survey of 1,430 clinician-researchers who received National Institutes of Health career-development awards between 2006-2009 asking about domestic and professional time allocation prepandemic and at the time of surveys (TOS).

The Association of Resilience with Psychosocial Outcomes in Teenagers and Young Adults with Cancer.

There is limited research on the psychological impact of cancer for teenagers and young adults (TYAs) and the role of protective factors such as resilience. This study investigated associations between resilience and psychosocial outcomes in this group. Data were collected from TYAs (aged 16-24) who attended the TYA cancer clinic at Guy's Hospital between 2013 and 2021.

A Systematic Review of the Psychosocial Measures Used in Teenage and Young Adult Cancer.

Teenagers and young adults (TYAs; ages 16-24 in the United Kingdom) with cancer have specific needs and experience worse physiological and psychological outcomes compared with pediatric and adult cancer. In the United Kingdom, psychosocial screening is a mandatory part of TYA care. However, there is a lack of age-appropriate and acceptable psychosocial measures for this population.

Workplace Harassment, Cyber Incivility, and Climate in Academic Medicine.

Importance: The culture of academic medicine may foster mistreatment that disproportionately affects individuals who have been marginalized within a given society (minoritized groups) and compromises workforce vitality. Existing research has been limited by a lack of comprehensive, validated measures, low response rates, and narrow samples as well as comparisons limited to the binary gender categories of male or female assigned at birth (cisgender).

Objective: To evaluate academic medical culture, faculty mental health, and their relationship.

The Hidden Burden: Qualitative Differences in How URiM Students Experience the Clinical Microenvironment.

Introduction: It is well documented that medical students who identify as underrepresented in medicine are more likely to encounter social challenges in the clinical environment. Successful navigation of these challenges requires a social and emotional agility that is unmeasured in traditional metrics of success. The effects of this requirement has not yet been explored.

Factors Associated With Endowed Chair Allocation in Medical Oncology in the United States.

To explore persisting gender disparities across leadership roles in medicine, we examined factors associated with holding endowed chairs in US oncology divisions. In 2019, we identified 95 academic oncology divisions, using the Oncology Division Chiefs and Department Chairs listing in the American Society of Clinical Oncology myConnection forum. We collected public information on gender, degree, total National Institutes of Health funding as principal investigator, H-indices, publication and citation numbers, and graduation year and constructed a multivariable logistic regression model.

Machine Learning for Vestibular Schwannoma Diagnosis Using Audiometrie Data Alone.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare machine learning algorithms and established rule-based evaluations in screening audiograms for the purpose of diagnosing vestibular schwannomas. A secondary aim is to assess the performance of rule-based evaluations for predicting vestibular schwannomas using the largest dataset in the literature.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Left digit bias in selection and acceptance of deceased donor organs.

Background: Organs suitable for donation are a scarce resource and maximizing the use of available organs is a priority. We aimed to determine whether there is a supply restricting left digit bias in organs offered and accepted for donors entering a new decade of age.

Methods: Potential deceased organ donors (n = 105,387) who had any organs offered for transplantation from 2010 to 2019 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data were analyzed.

Psychological distress and resilience in a multicentre sample of adolescents and young adults with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Understanding impact of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with cancer is important to inform care. Online survey of 16-24 year olds receiving cancer treatment at eight cancer centres in the UK. We measured: self-perceived increased anxiety since COVID-19, impact of COVID-19 on treatment, life and relationships, PHQ-8, GAD and the two-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).

Non-English Language Resources and Readability of Kidney Transplant Center Websites in the United States.

This study examined US kidney transplant center websites for readability and for inclusion of languages other than English.

Delays in Care Associated With Non-English-Speaking Patients With Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer care requires coordination between multiple diagnostic and treatment modalities. Disparities such as age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are associated with delays in care. This study investigates whether primary language is associated with delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment before and through radiotherapy (RT).

Impact of Insurance on Stage of Breast Cancer Presentation for Different Races and Ethnicities.

Purpose: Survival in breast cancer is largely stage-dependent. Lack of insurance and Medicaid have been associated with later-stage breast cancer, but it is unknown to what degree this association varies by race or ethnicity.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-institution cohort analysis of women undergoing breast radiotherapy from 2012 to 2017 (n = 1,019).

Locoregional and Distant Outcomes in Women With cT1-3N1 Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Adjuvant Radiotherapy.

Background: We evaluated the impact of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) or supraclavicular radiation therapy (SCV RT) in women with cT1-3N1 breast cancer (BC) who became node negative (ypN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 485 women treated with NAC for BC between 2005 and 2019. Radiation treatment fields were reviewed in detail.

Common pathways to Dean of Medicine at U.S. medical schools.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate common leadership experiences and academic achievements obtained by current U.S. Medical School Deans of Medicine (DOMs) prior to their first appointment as Dean in order to elucidate a common pathway for promotion.

Association Between Patient Education Videos and Knowledge of Radiation Treatment.

Purpose: Patient knowledge of radiation therapy (RT) before consult is typically limited, with many having misconceptions or fears. There exists a need to improve patient education in RT. Our purpose was to study the impact of patient education videos on patient-reported knowledge of RT, anxiety/fear, and satisfaction.

Patterns of Failure in Women Who Have Residual Nodal Disease After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer According to Extent of Lymph Node Surgery.

Background: Optimal surgical management of limited axillary nodal disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer is evolving. Concerns exist with respect to leaving residual disease in the axilla when omitting axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in this setting. We sought to determine whether extent of nodal surgery altered patterns of failure and patient outcomes.

Association between primary language, a lack of mammographic screening, and later stage breast cancer presentation.

Background: Health determinants are known to influence the stage of breast cancer presentation, but it is unclear to what extent language affects stage. This study investigates whether non-English-speaking (NES) patients present at a later stage than their English-speaking (ES) counterparts and whether language is associated with mammographic screening.

Methods: This study was a retrospective, single-institution cohort analysis of women undergoing breast radiotherapy from 2012 to 2017 (n = 1057).

Outcomes Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in Women Aged 40 Years and Younger: Impact of Pathologic Nodal Response.

We sought to evaluate whether pathologic nodal response was predictive of outcomes in women aged ≤40 years with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). A total of 220 patients treated with NAC between 1991 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as no evidence of residual invasive tumor in the breast and lymph nodes (LNs) (ypT0/Tis ypN0); partial response if there was no tumor in the LNs but residual tumor in the breast (ypT+ ypN0) or residual tumor in the LNs (ypT0/Tis ypN+); and limited response if there was residual tumor in both the breast and the LNs (ypT+ ypN+).

Patterns of Distant Failure by Intrinsic Breast Cancer Subtype in Premenopausal Women Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Purpose: To identify patterns of distant failure (DF) in premenopausal women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: Premenopausal patients treated with NAC between 2005 and 2015 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Timing and location of local, regional, and distant metastases were described.