Association between high temperature and heatwaves with heat-related illnesses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A large body of scientific evidence has established the impact of increased temperatures on human health. There is a relationship between extreme heat (either incremental temperature increase or heatwaves), and heat-related illnesses. This study aimed to collate the research findings on the effects of extreme heat on heat-related illness in a systematic review and meta-analysis, and to provide robust evidence for needed public health intervention.

Technical competence in surgeons.

In this paper, we review the literature to date on technical competence in surgeons; how it can be defined, taught to trainees and assessed. We also examine how we can predict which candidates for surgical training will most likely develop technical competence. While technical competency is just one aspect of what makes a good surgeon, we have recognized a need to review the literature in this area and to combine this with broader definitions of competency.