Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology.

Females and males differ significantly in gross anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract, and these differences are commonly discussed in the medical and scientific literature. However, less attention is dedicated to investigating the varied development, function, and biology between females and males on a cellular level. Recognizing that cell biology is not uniform, especially in the lower urinary tract of females and males, is crucial for providing context and relevance for diverse fields of biomedical investigation.

Expert Panel Recommendations on Lower Urinary Tract Health of Women Across Their Life Span.

Urologic and kidney problems are common in women across their life span and affect their daily life, including physical activity, sexual relations, social life, and future health. Urological health in women is still understudied and the underlying mechanisms of female urological dysfunctions are not fully understood. The Society for Women's Health Research (SWHR) recognized the need to have a roundtable discussion where researchers and clinicians would define the current state of knowledge, gaps, and recommendations for future research directions to transform women's urological health.

Side-to-side and interpolar renal duplications: the nonpolar variety.

The Weigert-Meyer rule predicts the draining pattern of duplex ureters in bipolar renal duplications. This paper introduces two cases of nonpolar renal duplication. A 3-month-old and a 15-year-old female with history of urinary tract infection were evaluated with intravenous pyelograms (IVP) and eleven different parameters were analyzed.

Evidence of a mechanism for isodicentric chromosome Y formation in a 45,X/46,X,idic(Y)(p11.31)/46,X,del(Y)(p11.31) mosaic karyotype.

Abnormalities involving sex chromosomes account for approximately 0.5% of live births. The phenotypes of individuals with mosaic cell lines having structural aberrations of the X and Y chromosomes are variable and hard to accurately predict.

Splenic cyst presenting as severe hydronephrosis in a pediatric patient.

Large cystic abdominal masses can represent a diagnostic dilemma despite advanced diagnostic and imaging techniques. We report a case of a large cystic mass initially managed as a giant ureteropelvic junction obstruction, but ultimately found to be a congenital splenic cyst. Focus is placed on the diagnostic evaluation of large cystic abdominal masses.

Urethral polyp in asymptomatic male infant with prenatal hydronephrosis.

Congenital posterior urethral polyps are rare, benign lesions of the posterior urethra. We report a 1-day-old newborn boy with a solitary fibroepithelial posterior urethral polyp who presented with a history of prenatal mild hydronephrosis, subsequently associated with bladder wall thickening on ultrasonography.

Autoaugmentation gastrocystoplasty: further studies of the sheep model.

Objective: To report our experience with autoaugmentation gastrocystoplasty (AAGC, reported to result in an inconsistent augmentation effect in children) in a sheep model, specifically addressing issues of surgical techniques and postoperative bladder drainage that may affect the augmentation result, as many factors have been implicated in the poor outcome.

Materials And Methods: Ten 6-month-old male lambs had a suprapubic catheter placed by an open laparotomy. Intraoperative urodynamics were evaluated before and after detrusorotomy for autoaugmentation and after completing AAGC.

Flow cytometry analysis of proliferative lesions at the gastrocystoplasty anastomosis.

Purpose: Proliferative epithelial metaplasia that develops in the anastomotic line after gastrocystoplasty has unknown malignant potential. Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle profiles is used to predict the neoplastic progression of metaplastic lesions in other proliferative epithelium. We used this technique to evaluate transitional cell metaplasia in rat gastrocystoplasty specimens.