Rheumatoid vasculitis in 2023: Changes and challenges since the biologics era.

Background: Significant changes in the epidemiology and natural history of rheumatoid vasculitis (RV) have occurred with the introduction of biological therapies such as TNF inhibitors (TNFi) and rituximab.

Purpose: This scoping review aims to address the key current challenges and propose updated criteria for RV. This will aid future descriptive observational studies and prospective therapeutic trials.

Editing a γ-globin repressor binding site restores fetal hemoglobin synthesis and corrects the sickle cell disease phenotype.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single amino acid change in the adult hemoglobin (Hb) β chain that causes Hb polymerization and red blood cell (RBC) sickling. The co-inheritance of mutations causing fetal γ-globin production in adult life hereditary persistence of fetal Hb (HPFH) reduces the clinical severity of SCD. HPFH mutations in the γ-globin promoters disrupt binding sites for the repressors BCL11A and LRF.