Publications by authors named "Clara Sanchez-Menendez"
Retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), including RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2, recognize viral RNA to mount an antiviral interferon (IFN) response RLRs share three different protein domains: C-terminal domain, DExD/H box RNA helicase domain, and an N-terminal domain with two tandem repeats (CARDs). LGP2 lacks tandem CARD and is not able to induce an IFN response. However, LGP2 positively enhances MDA5 and negatively regulates RIG-I signaling.
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- - HIV-1 infection persists due to long-term viral reservoirs in latently infected CD4 T cells, prompting the need for strategies to stimulate cytotoxic immunity, including the "Shock and Kill" approach.
- - Ponatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for chronic myeloid leukemia, has shown effectiveness against HIV-1 and may enhance the immune response against both cancer and viral infections.
- - In a study of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who switched from imatinib to ponatinib, results indicated that ponatinib treatment significantly reduced HIV-1 infection rates and increased the cytotoxic response from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with effects lasting at least 12 months post-treatment.
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- After mild COVID-19, some individuals develop a condition called Post-COVID condition (PCC) characterized by lingering symptoms and persistent immune system changes.
- A study compared the immune responses of people with PCC to those with mild, severe, and critical COVID-19, focusing on specific CD4+ T helper cell types.
- Results indicated that people with PCC had a unique immune profile, including low Th1 cells, high Th2 response, and elevated pro-inflammatory Th9 and Th17 cells, which may hinder the body's ability to fight off infections and contribute to prolonged symptoms.
Article Synopsis
- * Dasatinib, a medication used for chronic myeloid leukemia, shows promise against HIV-1 by preserving the antiviral activity of the SAMHD1 protein in CD4+ T cells and reducing the phosphorylation that inactivates it, inhibiting HIV-1 infection in macrophages.
- * Short-term dasatinib treatment lowers inflammatory cytokines in macrophages while maintaining some antiviral responses, suggesting that combining dasatinib with ART could effectively target HIV-1 reservoirs and reduce inflammation in people living with HIV.
Introduction: HIV-1 infection may produce a detrimental effect on the immune response. Early start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended to preserve the integrity of the immune system. In fact, people with HIV (PWH) and normal CD4/CD8 ratio appear not to be more susceptible to severe forms of COVID-19 than the general population and they usually present a good seroconversion rate in response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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- * A study focused on 29 CML patients, some on TKIs and others in treatment-free remission, comparing their immune responses after full COVID-19 vaccination with 20 healthy individuals over 17 months.
- * Results showed that while CML patients developed a strong immune response similar to healthy individuals, their antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity was reduced, leading to slightly higher rates of mild COVID-19 breakthrough infections, particularly in those avoiding treatment.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with oncohematological diseases (OHD) who received hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT), addressing significant morbidity and mortality rates prior to vaccination.
- - It was found that these individuals maintained low but protective levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after undergoing HSCT, indicating some persistent immune protection despite B-cell deficiencies.
- - Results showed that although cellular immunity was impaired in those who had allogeneic HSCT, infections that occurred post-transplant were mild, reinforcing the necessity and safety of COVID-19 vaccination for this vulnerable group.
Strong Humoral but Not Cellular Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Individuals with Oncohematological Disease Who Were Treated with Rituximab before Receiving a Vaccine Booster.
Cancers (Basel)
November 2022
The humoral immune response developed after receiving the full vaccination schedule against COVID-19 is impaired in individuals who received anti-CD20 therapy 6-9 months before vaccination. However, there is little information about the cellular immune responses elicited in these individuals. In this study, we analyzed the humoral and cellular immune responses in 18 individuals with hematological disease who received the last dose of rituximab 13.
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