Real-World Prevalence, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes for Patients With HER2 (ERBB2)-Mutant Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, From a US-Based Clinico-Genomic Database.

Objectives: Targeted therapies have been shown to improve outcomes in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) with driver mutations. We evaluated the real-world prevalence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2) tumor gene mutations among patients with mNSCLC and described historical treatments and outcomes in patients with HER2-mutant mNSCLC, during a period when there was no approved targeted therapy for HER2-mutant mNSCLC.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective observational study used a US nationwide de-identified NSCLC clinico-genomic database.

Patient characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with locally advanced or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer, a single site descriptive study.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of different HER2 categories among patients with advanced breast cancer (aBC) and describe treatment patterns and outcomes of those with HER2-low disease.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted via chart review at the Huntsman Cancer Institute, including patients diagnosed with aBC (stages IIIB, IIIC and IV) between 2010 and 2019. All patients with IHC1+ were considered HER2-low unless FISH was positive.

Cost of disease progression among US patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

The objectives were to investigate the differences in per patient per month (PPPM) healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs among commercially insured and Medicare Advantage patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) who experience disease progression in 12 months compared with those who don't investigate the impact of progression timing on cumulative healthcare costs. This claims-based study included patients diagnosed with mBC between 1 January 2013 and 30 April 2020 and received HER2-targeted therapy. Patients were categorized as progressed or nonprogressed.

HER2-Mutant Advanced and/or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A US Electronic Health Records Database Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Practice Patterns, and Outcomes.

Background: Real-world data for advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations in human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) are scarce. We aimed to assess treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with HER2-mutant advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective nationwide electronic health record study evaluated patient characteristics, treatment patterns, treatment duration, and overall survival for adults with HER2-mutant advanced/metastatic NSCLC without epidermal growth factor receptor mutation.

Characteristics, healthcare utilization, and outcomes of patients with HER2-low breast cancer.

Purpose: Treatment for HER2-low [defined as ImmunoHistoChemistry (IHC) 1 + or 2 + and negative/normal in Situ Hybridization (ISH)] breast cancer patients is rapidly evolving, yet we lack critical information about the HER2-low population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women aged 18 years or older diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2016 in North Carolina. Analyses were conducted for the overall cohort and a stage IV sub-cohort.

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Economic Burden Following First-Line Trastuzumab in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer in the USA.

Background: Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy is the standard first-line (1L) treatment for HER2+ metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) in the USA.

Objective: This study characterizes the real-world treatment patterns, healthcare resource use (HRU), and costs in patients with HER2+ mGC post-1L trastuzumab before approval of fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study used the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus Database (October 2014-September 2019) to identify adults with HER2+ mGC who discontinued trastuzumab-based regimens in 1L.

Machine Learning Methods to Identify Missed Cases of Bladder Cancer in Population-Based Registries.

Purpose: Population-based cancer incidence rates of bladder cancer may be underestimated. Accurate estimates are needed for understanding the burden of bladder cancer in the United States. We developed and evaluated the feasibility of a machine learning-based classifier to identify bladder cancer cases missed by cancer registries, and estimated the rate of bladder cancer cases potentially missed.

Melanoma Tumor Depth Quality Audit: A Nonmatch Analysis.

Background: The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Research Program (SRP) received reports from cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program concerning the coding of melanoma tumor depth. To address these concerns, SRP developed an algorithm to identify melanoma depth measurement values and conducted a nonmatch analysis.

Methods: A nonmatch analysis was conducted on 1,117 cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2017.

Population-based utilization and costs associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for first-line treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia among elderly patients.

Following approval of imatinib, a breakthrough tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), survival significantly improved by more than 20% since 2001 among treated chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. Subsequently, more expensive second-generation TKIs with varying selectivity profiles have been approved. Population-based studies are needed to evaluate the real-world utilization of TKI therapies, particularly given their escalating costs and recommendations for maintenance therapy.

Utilization of the Cancer Medications Enquiry Database (CanMED)-National Drug Codes (NDC): Assessment of Systemic Breast Cancer Treatment Patterns.

Cancer Medications Enquiry Database (CanMED) is comprised of two interactive, nomenclature-specific databases within the Observational Research in Oncology Toolbox: CanMED-Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) and CanMED-National Drug Code (NDC), described through this study. CanMED includes medications with a) a US Food and Drug Administration-approved cancer treatment or treatment-related symptom management indication, b) inclusion in treatment guidelines, or c) an orphan drug designation. To demonstrate the joint utility of CanMED, medication codes associated with female breast cancer treatment were identified and utilization patterns were assessed within Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare (SEER) data.

Using the SEER-Medicare Data to Assess Incident Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Bladder Cancer Cases Missed by Cancer Registries.

The growing use of oral systemic therapies and transition of some cancer treatments to the outpatient setting makes capturing all cancer case patients more difficult. We aim to develop algorithms to identify potentially missed incident case patients and estimate impact on incidence rates. We reviewed claims from SEER-Medicare 5% noncancer control patient sample to identify potentially missed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and bladder case patients based on diagnosis codes, cancer-related treatments, and oncology consultations.

Development and Utility of the Observational Research in Oncology Toolbox: Cancer Medications Enquiry Database-Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS).

Purpose: Health-care claims are of increasing utility as a rich, real-world data resource for conducting treatment-related cancer research. However, multiple dynamic coding nomenclatures exist, leading to study variability. To promote increased standardization and reproducibility, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed the Cancer Medications Enquiry Database (CanMED)-Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) within the Observational Research in Oncology Toolbox.

Estimating Chemotherapy Use Among Patients With a Prior Primary Cancer Diagnosis Using SEER-Medicare Data.

Cancer treatment studies commonly exclude patients with prior primary cancers due to difficulties in ascertaining for which site treatment is intended. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare patients 65 years and older diagnosed with an index colon or rectal cancer (CRC) or female breast cancer (BC) between 2004 and 2013 were included. Chemotherapy, defined as "any chemotherapy" and more restrictively as "chemotherapy with confirmatory diagnoses," was ascertained based on claims data within 6 months of index cancer diagnosis by prior cancer history.

Patterns of Care and Costs for Older Patients With Colorectal Cancer at the End of Life: Descriptive Study of the United States and Canada.

Purpose: End-of-life (EOL) cancer care is costly, with challenges regarding intensity and place of care. We described EOL care and costs for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in the United States and the province of Ontario, Canada, to inform better care delivery.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with CRC from 2007 to 2013, who died of any cancer from 2007 to 2013 at age ≥ 66 years, were selected from the US SEER cancer registries linked to Medicare claims (n = 16,565) and the Ontario Cancer Registry linked to administrative health data (n = 6,587).

Trends in pediatric thyroid cancer incidence in the United States, 1998-2013.

Background: Pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) rates have increased over time in the United States and worldwide. Improvements in imaging for the diagnosis of DTC have been hypothesized as a potential driver of these increases. This study stratifies temporal trends in pediatric DTC by stage and tumor size to assess whether rates of large, late-stage cancers, which are likely to be clinically meaningful, are increasing over time.

Association of Chemotherapy for Solid Tumors With Development of Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Modern Era.

Importance: Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia (tMDS/AML) is a rare, usually fatal complication of chemotherapy, including certain alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and platinum compounds. With the introduction of new chemotherapeutic agents, expanded indications for established agents, and increased neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, tMDS/AML risks in the modern age are poorly understood.

Objectives: To quantify tMDS/AML risk after chemotherapy for solid cancer among United States adults since 2000 and correlate tMDS/AML risk patterns with chemotherapy treatment practices.

Trends in Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumor Incidence in the United States, 1998-2013.

Background: Brain and other central nervous system (CNS) cancers are the leading cause of U.S. pediatric cancer mortality.

Differences in cancer survival among white and black cancer patients by presence of diabetes mellitus: Estimations based on SEER-Medicare-linked data resource.

Diabetes prevalence and racial health disparities in the diabetic population are increasing in the US. Population-based cancer-specific survival estimates for cancer patients with diabetes have not been assessed. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linkage provided data on cancer-specific deaths and diabetes prevalence among 14 separate cohorts representing 1 068 098 cancer patients ages 66 +  years diagnosed between 2000 and 2011 in 17 SEER areas.

Quality Assessment of Tumor Size Data Collection for Pancreatic and Breast Cancer in SEER.

Background And Objectives: In 2017, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program piloted a reactive quality audit plan (r-QAP) to analyze Collaborative Stage (CS) tumor size in breast and pancreatic cancer. Preevaluation objectives were to establish procedures and analytic scope for SEER quality audits, cutoffs for data completeness/accuracy, and key decision checkpoints.

Methods: Tumor size data between 2004-2014 were selected from SEER registries for pancreatic and breast cancers, and initially assessed by site and registry for completeness.

Validation of prostate-specific antigen laboratory values recorded in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries.

Background: Researchers have used prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values collected by central cancer registries to evaluate tumors for potential aggressive clinical disease. An independent study collecting PSA values suggested a high error rate (18%) related to implied decimal points. To evaluate the error rate in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, a comprehensive review of PSA values recorded across all SEER registries was performed.

A Plan to Improve Melanoma Tumor Depth Data Quality in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

In light of the recent assessment done for ProstateSpecific Antigen values in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, it is possible that coding procedures for melanoma tumor depth may have similar quality issues. Potential errors that have been initially identified are implied decimal errors, transcription errors, and incomplete information. Because of the SEER Program's commitment to high data quality standards, various studies are being planned to review and adjudicate incorrect lab values for several different data items in the SEER data collection.

Risk Factors for Melanoma Among Survivors of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Purpose: Previous studies have reported that survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have an increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma; however, risks associated with specific treatments and immune-related risk factors have not been quantified.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated second melanoma risk among 44,870 1-year survivors of first primary NHL diagnosed at age 66 to 83 years from 1992 to 2009 and included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. Information on NHL treatments, autoimmune diseases, and infections was derived from Medicare claims.