Impacts of Seawater pH Buffering on the Larval Microbiome and Carry-Over Effects on Later-Life Disease Susceptibility in Pacific Oysters.

Ocean acidification upwelling events and the resulting lowered aragonite saturation state of seawater have been linked to high mortality of marine bivalve larvae in hatcheries. Major oyster seed producers along North America's west coast have mitigated impacts via seawater pH buffering (e.g.

Molecular mechanisms underpinning transgenerational plasticity in the green sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris.

The pre-conditioning of adult marine invertebrates to altered conditions, such as low pH, can significantly impact offspring outcomes, a process which is often referred to as transgenerational plasticity (TGP). This study describes for the first time, the gene expression profiles associated with TGP in the green sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris and evaluates the transcriptional contribution to larval resilience. RNA-Seq was used to determine how the expression profiles of larvae spawned into low pH from pre-acclimated adults differed to those of larvae produced from adults cultured under ambient pH.

Future oceanic warming and acidification alter immune response and disease status in a commercial shellfish species, Mytilus edulis L.

Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide are leading to physical changes in marine environments including parallel decreases in ocean pH and increases in seawater temperature. This study examined the impacts of a six month exposure to combined decreased pH and increased temperature on the immune response and disease status in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L. Results provide the first confirmation that exposure to future acidification and warming conditions via aquarium-based simulation may have parallel implications for bivalve health.

Ocean warming, more than acidification, reduces shell strength in a commercial shellfish species during food limitation.

Ocean surface pH levels are predicted to fall by 0.3-0.4 pH units by the end of the century and are likely to coincide with an increase in sea surface temperature of 2-4 °C.