Association of Adverse Neighborhood Exposures With HIV Viral Load in Pregnant Women at Delivery.

Importance: Racial disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality are in large part driven by poor control of chronic diseases. The association between adverse neighborhood exposures and HIV virologic control has not been well described for women with HIV during pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the association between adverse neighborhood exposures and HIV viral load at delivery.

The clinical value of a thorough diagnostic evaluation for neurotologic complaints.

Purpose: Determine the clinical efficacy of comprehensive neurotologic testing in patients presenting with complaints of hearing loss, tinnitus and/or dizziness.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 1170 consecutive charts of patients who presented between 1980 and 2013 with neurotologic complaints. Demographic data, chief complaint, diagnostic imaging, audiograms, and blood tests were evaluated.

Evaluating outcomes of mother-infant pairs using dolutegravir for HIV treatment during pregnancy.

Objectives: Dolutegravir (DTG), a second-generation integrase inhibitor, is an effective treatment for HIV but its safety and efficacy are not well established in pregnancy. Here, we assess maternal and infant outcomes of mother-infant pairs using DTG-containing regimens during pregnancy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of pregnant women with HIV on DTG from two urban clinics in the United States, 2015-2018.

Cortisol trajectory, melancholia, and response to electroconvulsive therapy.

While biomarkers have been used to define pathophysiological types and to optimize treatment in many areas of medicine, in psychiatry such biomarkers remain elusive. Based on previously described abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in severe forms of depression, we hypothesized that the temporal trajectory of basal cortisol levels would vary among individuals with depression due to heterogeneity in pathophysiology, and that cortisol trajectories that reflect elevated or increasing HPA activity would predict better response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). To test that hypothesis, we sampled scalp hair from 39 subjects with treatment-resistant depression just before ECT.