Post-translational modifications in prion diseases.

More than 650 reversible and irreversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have been listed so far. Canonical PTMs of proteins consist of the covalent addition of functional or chemical groups on target backbone amino-acids or the cleavage of the protein itself, giving rise to modified proteins with specific properties in terms of stability, solubility, cell distribution, activity, or interactions with other biomolecules. PTMs of protein contribute to cell homeostatic processes, enabling basal cell functions, allowing the cell to respond and adapt to variations of its environment, and globally maintaining the constancy of the (the body's inner environment) to sustain human health.

Assessing the impact of coexposure on the measurement of biomarkers of exposure to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in agricultural workers.

There are few published data on the impact of combined exposure to multiple pesticides (coexposure) on levels of biomarkers of exposure in workers, which may alter their toxicokinetics and thus the interpretation of biomonitoring data. This study aimed to assess the impact of coexposure to two pesticides with shared metabolism pathways on levels of biomarkers of exposure to pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural workers. The pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and the fungicide captan were used as sentinel pesticides, since they are widely sprayed concomitantly in agricultural crops.

Sudden unexpected deaths and vaccinations during the first two years of life in Italy: a case series study.

Background: The signal of an association between vaccination in the second year of life with a hexavalent vaccine and sudden unexpected deaths (SUD) in the two days following vaccination was reported in Germany in 2003. A study to establish whether the immunisation with hexavalent vaccines increased the short term risk of SUD in infants was conducted in Italy.

Methodology/principal Findings: The reference population comprises around 3 million infants vaccinated in Italy in the study period 1999-2004 (1.

[Use of neuropsychological tests in the Cronos Project].

Within the Cronos Project, 503 Alzheimer's disease units were activated throughout the country. In June/July 2002 a questionnaire was sent to all Alzheimer's disease units to collect data on neuropsychological tests utilised in the diagnostic process of dementias. Only 196 of Alzheimer's disease units that have responded to the questionnaire (196/392) declare to utilize neuropsychological test while 97.

Complementary and alternative medicine in the scientific literature.

Objective: To analyze the frequency and typology of scientific papers on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) published in the period 1997-2002.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search of MEDLINE in order to identify all articles dealing with CAM, in the human setting, published from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2002. Our attention was focused on randomized controlled trials conducted on CAM and on the impact factor (IF) of the journals in which CAM articles were published.

The cerivastatin withdrawal crisis: a "post-mortem" analysis.

In August 2001, cerivastatin was removed from European and USA markets because of a higher risk of rhabdomyolysis associated with its use in comparison with other statins. The objective of this study was to compare cholesterol-lowering drug use in Italy before and after the withdrawal of cerivastatin from the market, and to evaluate if the withdrawal influenced patients compliance and physicians prescribing habits. After August 2001, 48% of cerivastatin users discontinued any statin treatment.

Cohort study of hepatotoxicity associated with nimesulide and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Objective: To estimate the risk of acute hepatotoxicity associated with nimesulide compared with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Design: Retrospective cohort and nested case-control study.

Setting: Umbria region, Italy.