Mutations Linked to Insecticide Resistance Not Detected in the or Genes in from Multiple Localities in Amazonian Brazil and Peru.

Indoor residual spray (IRS), mainly employing pyrethroid insecticides, is the most common intervention for preventing malaria transmission in many regions of Latin America; the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) has been more limited. Knockdown resistance () is a well-characterized target-site resistance mechanism associated with pyrethroid and DDT resistance. Most mutations detected in acetylcholinesterase-1 () and voltage-gated sodium channel () genes are non-synonymous, resulting in a change in amino acid, leading to the non-binding of the insecticide.