Accuracy and Confidence in Performing Canine Stifle Goniometry was Similar between Simulation-Model or Traditional Textbook Trained Veterinary Students.

Goniometry is an essential skill used in veterinary rehabilitation settings to monitor orthopedic conditions. Our objectives were to create a normal canine stifle goniometry model and to compare students' confidence and accuracy in performing goniometry with exposure to either the model or traditional teaching methods. We hypothesized that students would demonstrate goniometry skills more confidently and accurately after using a simulation model than those given traditional materials.

Intrinsic functional connectivity of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus subregions relates to emotional and sensory-perceptual properties of intrusive trauma memories.

Background: Trauma-related intrusive memories (TR-IMs), unwanted and vivid, are core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prior research links voluntary TR-IM suppression to inhibitory control of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) over the hippocampus (HPC). However, the potential relevance of tonic resting-state inhibition has not been examined, nor has the functional differentiation of the anterior and posterior hippocampus (aHPC/HPC).

No one listens to us, we know this, so we participated: Qualitative evidence from menstruation research during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: We created a survey to assess menstrual side effects after COVID-19 vaccination when we noticed news stories that denied or discounted the experiences of tens of thousands of menstruating and formerly menstruating people who reported experiencing bleeding changes. This survey had an unprecedented response hundreds of times higher than we had anticipated ( = 101,824).

Objectives: We investigated what motivated our sample to participate without remuneration to understand both general motivations for survey participation as well as why this survey captured the interest of so many.

Endometrial decidualization status modulates endometrial microvascular complexity and trophoblast outgrowth in gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels.

The endometrium undergoes rapid cycles of vascular growth, remodeling, and breakdown during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Decidualization is an endometrial differentiation process driven by steroidal sex hormones that is critical for blastocyst-uterine interfacing and blastocyst implantation. Certain pregnancy disorders may be linked to decidualization processes.

Affective Visual Circuit Dysfunction in Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is widely recognized as involving disruption of core neurocircuitry that underlies processing, regulation, and response to threat. In particular, the prefrontal cortex-hippocampal-amygdala circuit is a major contributor to posttraumatic dysfunction. However, the functioning of core threat neurocircuitry is partially dependent on sensorial inputs, and previous research has demonstrated that dense, reciprocal connections exist between threat circuits and the ventral visual stream.

Ecological Momentary Assessments of Trauma-Related Intrusive Memories: Potential Clinical Utility.

As the global prevalence of trauma rises, there is a growing need for accessible and scalable treatments for trauma-related disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma-related intrusive memories (TR-IMs) are a central PTSD symptom and a target of exposure-based therapies, gold-standard treatments that are effective but resource-intensive. This study examined whether a brief ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol assessing the phenomenology of TR-IMs could reduce intrusion symptoms in trauma-exposed adults.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of hippocampal-cortical networks underlying the unique phenomenological properties of trauma-related intrusive memories.

Trauma-related intrusive memories (TR-IMs) possess unique phenomenological properties that contribute to adverse post-traumatic outcomes, positioning them as critical intervention targets. However, transdiagnostic treatments for TR-IMs are scarce, as their underlying mechanisms have been investigated separate from their unique phenomenological properties. Extant models of more general episodic memory highlight dynamic hippocampal-cortical interactions that vary along the anterior-posterior axis of the hippocampus (HPC) to support different cognitive-affective and sensory-perceptual features of memory.

Trauma-related intrusive memories and anterior hippocampus structural covariance: an ecological momentary assessment study in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Trauma-related intrusive memories (TR-IMs) are hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but their neural correlates remain partly unknown. Given its role in autobiographical memory, the hippocampus may play a critical role in TR-IM neurophysiology. The anterior and posterior hippocampi are known to have partially distinct functions, including during retrieval of autobiographical memories.

Penile Evaluation: An Illustrated Review.

High-frequency ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating penile pathology because of its easy access, low cost, and patient tolerance ( The Penis, Diagnostic Ultrasound, second edtion . Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2007:957-978). This pictorial review will illustrate the sonographic features of emergent and nonemergent penile conditions such as penile fracture, spongial tear, urethral injury, various types of priapism, erectile dysfunction, penile abscess, and Mondor disease.

Outcomes of a Fatigue Management Intervention for People With Post COVID-19 Condition.

Objective: Fatigue is identified as one of the most prevalent and persistent problems reported by people with post COVID-19 condition that negatively impacts on everyday living and resumption of pre-COVID-19 lifestyle. A pilot occupational therapy fatigue management intervention was designed for patients presenting with post COVID-19 condition fatigue.

Design: A retrospective analysis was carried out after the delivery of the fatigue management intervention.

Prognostic significance of time trends in treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of demographic, clinical, and management variables on time to treatment initiation (TTI) and overall survival (OS).

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer from 2018 to 2020 were reviewed.

Managing menstruation with dignity: Worries, stress and mental health in two water-scarce urban communities in India.

An emerging body of literature examines multiple connections between water insecurity and mental health, with particular focus on women's vulnerabilities. Women can display greatly elevated emotional distress with increased household water insecurity, because it's them who are primarily responsible for managing household water and uniquely interact with wider water environments. Here we test an extension of this proposition, identifying how notions of dignity and other gendered norms related to managing menstruation might complicate and amplify this vulnerability.

Transcranial stimulation of alpha oscillations modulates brain state dynamics in sustained attention.

The brain operates an advanced complex system to support mental activities. Cognition is thought to emerge from dynamic states of the complex brain system, which are organized spatially through large-scale neural networks and temporally via neural synchrony. However, specific mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure.

Circulating PACAP levels are associated with increased amygdala-default mode network resting-state connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder.

The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) system is implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related amygdala-mediated arousal and threat reactivity. PTSD is characterized by increased amygdala reactivity to threat and, more recently, aberrant intrinsic connectivity of the amygdala with large-scale resting state networks, specifically the default mode network (DMN). While the influence of PACAP on amygdala reactivity has been described, its association with intrinsic amygdala connectivity remains unknown.

Associations of cannabis use with motor vehicle crashes and traffic stops among older drivers: AAA LongROAD study.

Background: Acute cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVC). This study aimed to determine if self-reported past-year cannabis use is associated with MVC or traffic stops among older drivers.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from a multi-center study enrolling active drivers aged 65-79 years.

A narrative review of treatment interventions to improve cognitive performance in schizophrenia, with an emphasis on at-risk and early course stages.

Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia (SCZ), which unfavorably affects SCZ patients' daily functioning and overall clinical outcome. An increasing body of evidence has shown that cognitive deficits are present not only at the beginning of the illness but also several years before the onset of psychosis. Nonetheless, the majority of treatment interventions targeting cognitive dysfunction in SCZ, using both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches, have focused on chronic patients rather than individuals at high risk or in the early stages of the disease.

Homesickness at Home: A Scoping Review of Solastalgia Experiences in Australia.

Solastalgia is a term used to describe the pain and distress experienced by those witnessing their home environments destroyed or changed in unwelcome ways. Solastalgia is expected to become more prominent as climate change worsens and transforms landscapes. This scoping review examines and maps the existing literature on solastalgia in Australia, particularly focusing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander experiences.

Dietary Protein Source Matters for Changes in Inflammation Measured by Urinary C-Reactive Protein in Rural Polish Women.

Objectives: Multiple macronutrients have been shown to affect systemic inflammation, a well-known predictor of chronic disease. Less often, varying sources of these macronutrients are examined. Different subsistence environments lead to varying access to protein sources which, combined with physical activity patterns, may lead to different relationships than among more typically studied sedentary, industrialized populations.

Discovery of JNJ-64264681: A Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a Tec family kinase that plays an essential role in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling as well as Fcγ receptor signaling in leukocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of BTK has been shown to be effective in treating hematological malignancies and is hypothesized to provide an effective strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. We report the discovery and preclinical properties of JNJ-64264681 (), a covalent, irreversible BTK inhibitor with potent whole blood activity and exceptional kinome selectivity.

Treatment failure patterns are similar between p16- and p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: The incidence of p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been increasing. The notion that p16+ OPSCC has a propensity for atypical and disseminating metastasis has gained traction. We compared treatment failure patterns in p16+ and p16- OPSCC and evaluated survival impact.

Role of Extracellular Matrix Biomolecules on Endometrial Epithelial Cell Attachment and Cytokeratin 18 Expression on Gelatin Hydrogels.

The endometrium undergoes profound changes in tissue architecture and composition, both during the menstrual cycle as well as in the context of pregnancy. Dynamic remodeling processes of the endometrial extracellular matrix (ECM) are a major element of endometrial homeostasis, including changes across the menstrual cycle. A critical element of this tissue microenvironment is the endometrial basement membrane, a specialized layer of proteins that separates the endometrial epithelium from the underlying endometrial ECM.

Investigating trends in those who experience menstrual bleeding changes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Early in 2021, many people began sharing that they experienced unexpected menstrual bleeding after SARS-CoV-2 inoculation. We investigated this emerging phenomenon of changed menstrual bleeding patterns among a convenience sample of currently and formerly menstruating people using a web-based survey. In this sample, 42% of people with regular menstrual cycles bled more heavily than usual, while 44% reported no change after being vaccinated.

Thermal Traits Vary with Mass and across Populations of the Marsh Periwinkle, .

AbstractPhysiological processes influence how individuals perform in various environmental contexts. The basis of such processes, metabolism, scales allometrically with body mass and nonlinearly with temperature, as described by a thermal performance curve. Past studies of thermal performance curves tend to focus on effects of temperature on a single body size or population, rather than variation in the thermal performance curve across sizes and populations.

Endogenous and Exogenous Estrogen Exposures: How Women's Reproductive Health Can Drive Brain Aging and Inform Alzheimer's Prevention.

After advanced age, female sex is the major risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia affecting over 24 million people worldwide. The prevalence of AD is higher in women than in men, with postmenopausal women accounting for over 60% of all those affected. While most research has focused on gender-combined risk, emerging data indicate sex and gender differences in AD pathophysiology, onset, and progression, which may help account for the higher prevalence in women.

Pattern differentiation and tuning shift in human sensory cortex underlie long-term threat memory.

The amygdala-prefrontal-cortex circuit has long occupied the center of the threat system, but new evidence has rapidly amassed to implicate threat processing outside this canonical circuit. Through nonhuman research, the sensory cortex has emerged as a critical substrate for long-term threat memory, underpinned by sensory cortical pattern separation/completion and tuning shift. In humans, research has begun to associate the human sensory cortex with long-term threat memory, but the lack of mechanistic insights obscures a direct linkage.