DTI Abnormalities Related to Glioblastoma: A Prospective Comparative Study with Metastasis and Healthy Subjects.

(1) Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) shows complex mechanisms of spreading of the tumor cells, up to remote areas, and little is still known of these mechanisms, thus we focused on MRI abnormalities observable in the tumor and the brain adjacent to the lesion, up to the contralateral hemisphere, with a special interest on tensor diffusion imaging informing on white matter architecture; (2) Material and Methods: volumes, macroscopic volume (MV), brain-adjacent-tumor (BAT) volume and abnormal color-coded DTI volume (aCCV), and region-of-interest samples (probe volumes, ipsi, and contra lateral to the lesion), with their MRI characteristics, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA) values, and number of fibers (DTI fiber tracking) were analyzed in patients suffering GBM ( = 15) and metastasis ( = 9), and healthy subjects ( = 15), using ad hoc statistical methods (type I error = 5%) (3) Results: GBM volumes were larger than metastasis volumes, aCCV being larger in GBM and BAT ADC was higher in metastasis, ADC decreased centripetally in metastasis, FA increased centripetally either in GBM or metastasis, MV and BAT FA values were higher in GBM, ipsi FA values of GBM ROIs were higher than those of metastasis, and the GBM ipsi number of fibers was higher than the GBM contra number of fibers; (4) Conclusions: The MV, BAT and especially the aCCV, as well as their related water diffusion characteristics, could be useful biomarkers in oncology and functional oncology.

Early Deformation of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes Following Surgical Implantation: Intracranial, Brain, and Electrode Mechanics.

Introduction: Although deep brain stimulation is nowadays performed worldwide, the biomechanical aspects of electrode implantation received little attention, mainly as physicians focused on the medical aspects, such as the optimal indication of the surgical procedure, the positive and adverse effects, and the long-term follow-up. We aimed to describe electrode deformations and brain shift immediately after implantation, as it may highlight our comprehension of intracranial and intracerebral mechanics.

Materials And Methods: Sixty electrodes of 30 patients suffering from severe symptoms of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor were studied.

Disrupted Pallido-Thalamo-Cortical Functional Connectivity in Chronic Disorders of Consciousness.

Chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) encompass unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally conscious state. Their anatomo-functional correlates are not clearly defined yet, although impairments of functional cortical networks have been reported, as well as the implication of the thalamus and deep brain structures. However, the pallidal functional connectivity with the thalamus and the cortical networks has not been studied so far.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: MRI findings in HIV-infected patients are closer to rituximab- than natalizumab-associated PML.

Objectives: To compare brain MRI findings in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated to rituximab and natalizumab treatments and HIV infection.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective, multicentric study, we analyzed brain MRI exams from 72 patients diagnosed with definite PML: 32 after natalizumab treatment, 20 after rituximab treatment, and 20 HIV patients. We compared T2- or FLAIR-weighted images, diffusion-weighted images, T2*-weighted images, and contrast enhancement features, as well as lesion distribution, especially gray matter involvement.

Differences in BOLD responses in brain reward network reflect the tendency to assimilate a surprising flavor stimulus to an expected stimulus.

External information can modify the subjective value of a tasted stimulus, but little is known about neural mechanisms underlying these behavioral modifications. This study used flavored drinks to produce variable degrees of discrepancy between expected and received flavor. During a learning session, 43 healthy young men learned 4 symbol-flavor associations.

Using High Spatial Resolution to Improve BOLD fMRI Detection at 3T.

For different functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast, the acquisition of T2*-weighted scans at a high spatial resolution may be advantageous in terms of time-course signal-to-noise ratio and of BOLD sensitivity when the regions are prone to susceptibility artifacts. In this study, we explore this solution by examining how spatial resolution influences activations elicited when appetizing food pictures are viewed. Twenty subjects were imaged at 3 T with two different voxel volumes, 3.

Interest of local intra-arterial fibrinolysis in acute central retinal artery occlusion: Clinical experience in 16 patients.

Objective: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a rare disease with poor visual prognosis. We evaluated clinical effectiveness of in situ fibrinolysis with original angiographic scores describing the aspect of carotid siphon, proximal ophthalmic artery, and choroid blush.

Methods: Retrospective study of 16 consecutive cases of CRAO between 2007 and 2013.

MRI tumor response and clinical outcomes after LINAC radiosurgery on 50 patients with recurrent malignant gliomas.

Background: The place of radiosurgery (RS) as an option in the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma is still debated on in the absence of prospective randomized trials.

Objective: To assess the clinical outcome and MRI response after radiosurgery of recurrent malignant glioma.

Methods: We evaluated 50 consecutive patients treated in a single institution.

Silent cerebral infarcts after cardiac catheterization: a randomized comparison of radial and femoral approaches.

Background: Single center studies using serial cerebral diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients having cardiac catheterization have suggested that cerebral microembolism might be responsible for silent cerebral infarct (SCI) as high as 15% to 22%. We evaluated in a multicenter trial the incidence of SCIs after cardiac catheterization and whether or not the choice of the arterial access site might impact this phenomenon.

Methods And Results: Patients were randomized to have cardiac catheterization either by Radial (n = 83) or Femoral (n = 77) arterial approaches by experimented operators.

Toxoplasmic pachymeningitis with visual field impairment in a single-eyed patient and a literature review.

To describe the clinical features of a patient with toxoplasmic pachymeningitis and provide a review of the recent cases of pachymeningitis in the literature.Retrospective, observational case report. A one-eyed patient who presented to our institution with blurred vision, floaters, and visual field shrinkage.