Changes in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalisations Epidemiology After Nirsevimab Introduction in Lyon, France.

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major health concern, particularly for infants. In France, Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody to prevent RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was available from September 2023. We described RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations during the 2023-2024 season among infants younger than six months born at the Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and evaluated the effectiveness of Nirsevimab against RSV-LRTI hospitalisation.

Breakthrough Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With High-Risk Hematological Disorders Receiving Voriconazole and Posaconazole Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Primary antifungal prophylaxis with mold-active azoles is used to prevent invasive fungal infections in patients with high-risk hematological disorders; however, breakthrough infections occur, and the reasons for treatment failure are still not fully understood. To help inform clinical decisions, we sought to define microbiological, clinical, and pharmacological characteristics of proven and probable breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) in patients with high-risk hematological disorders receiving voriconazole or posaconazole prophylaxis.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

The Strain and the Clinical Outcome of Infection: A Meta-analysis.

Background: The association between bacterial strains and clinical outcomes in infection (CDI) has yielded conflicting results across studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the impact of these strains.

Methods: Five electronic databases were used to identify studies reporting CDI severity, complications, recurrence, or mortality according to strain type from inception to June 2022.

Respiratory syncytial virus-related hospital stays in adults in France from 2012 to 2021: A national hospital database study.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) that may lead to hospitalization or death. The present study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infections in hospitalized adults.

Methods: RSV-related hospitalizations were identified from the nationwide hospital claims database in France (PMSI) from 2012 to 2021 using ICD-10 codes J12.

Real-life comparison of posaconazole versus fluconazole for primary antifungal prophylaxis during remission-induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia.

Background: Patients undergoing remission-induction intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia are at high risk for life-threatening invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Primary antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole has been shown to reduce the incidence of IFI compared to fluconazole, but real-life data are limited and the effect on mortality remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared fluconazole and posaconazole as primary prophylaxis in real-life practice over a 10-year period, in a Canadian hospital.

Validation of algorithms using International Classification of Diseases for the identification of herpes zoster episodes requiring hospitalization in Quebec, Canada.

Objective: We determined secular changes in the incidence of hospitalizations due to herpes zoster (HZh) and assessed the validity of HZ International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code algorithms for identifying HZh in a region of Quebec, Canada.

Methods: We performed a validation study as part of a retrospective cohort study of adult HZ patients hospitalized at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke during 2000-2017. Cases were identified using ICD codes from an inpatient administrative database.

Epidemiology of varicella among immigrants and non-immigrants in Quebec, Canada, before and after the introduction of childhood varicella vaccination: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Many immigrants are susceptible to varicella on arrival to Canada because of different transmission dynamics in their countries of origin and scarcity of vaccination. Universal childhood vaccination programmes decrease varicella incidence rates through herd immunity, but the accumulating number of susceptible adult immigrants could remain at risk for severe varicella. Our aim was to describe the epidemiology of varicella among immigrants and non-immigrants before and after childhood varicella vaccination.

External validation of clinical prediction rules for complications and mortality following Clostridioides difficile infection.

Background: Several clinical prediction rules (CPRs) for complications and mortality of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) have been developed but only a few have gone through external validation, and none is widely recommended in clinical practice.

Methods: CPRs were identified through a systematic review. We included studies that predicted severe or complicated CDI (cCDI) and mortality, reported at least an internal validation step, and for which data were available with minimal modifications.

Mortality associated with Blastomyces dermatitidis infection: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.

Published case fatality in blastomycosis patients ranges between 4% and 78%. This study aimed to assess mortality associated with blastomycosis and identify its associated risk factors. We conducted a systematic review of publications related to Blastomyces dermatitidis available in PubMed and Scopus databases.

Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis of Clostridioides difficile Clusters in Ribotype 027 Isolates and Lack of Association with Clinical Outcomes.

The epidemiology of infection (CDI) has drastically changed since the emergence of the epidemic strain BI/NAP1/027, also known as ribotype 027 (R027). However, the relationship between the infecting strain and clinical outcomes is still debated. We hypothesized that certain subpopulations of R027 isolates could be associated with unfavorable outcomes.

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms in Canadian Hospitals. Comparison of point-prevalence survey results from 2010, 2012, and 2016.

Objective: Point-prevalence surveys for infection or colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CREs), and for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) were conducted in Canadian hospitals in 2010 and 2012 to better understanding changes in the epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AROs), which is crucial for public health and care management.

Methods: A third survey of the same AROs in adult inpatients in Canadian hospitals with ≥50 beds was performed in February 2016. Data on participating hospitals and patient cases were obtained using standard criteria and case definitions.

The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis C Screening for Migrants in the EU/EEA: A Systematic Review.

Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a public health priority in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and liver cancer. Migrants account for a disproportionate number of HCV cases in the EU/EEA (mean 14% of cases and >50% of cases in some countries). We conducted two systematic reviews (SR) to estimate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HCV screening for migrants living in the EU/EEA.

The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for latent tuberculosis among migrants in the EU/EEA: a systematic review.

BackgroundMigrants account for a large and growing proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence countries in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) which are primarily due to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Addressing LTBI among migrants will be critical to achieve TB elimination. We conducted a systematic review to determine effectiveness (performance of diagnostic tests, efficacy of treatment, uptake and completion of screening and treatment) and a second systematic review on cost-effectiveness of LTBI screening programmes for migrants living in the EU/EEA.

The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for active tuberculosis among migrants in the EU/EEA: a systematic review.

The foreign-born population make up an increasing and large proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases in European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) low-incidence countries and challenge TB elimination efforts. : We conducted a systematic review to determine effectiveness (yield and performance of chest radiography (CXR) to detect active TB, treatment outcomes and acceptance of screening) and a second systematic review on cost-effectiveness of screening for active TB among migrants living in the EU/EEA. : We identified six systematic reviews, one report and three individual studies that addressed our aims.

A population-based study of chronic hepatitis C in immigrants and non-immigrants in Quebec, Canada.

Background: Immigrants originating from intermediate and high HCV prevalence countries may be at increased risk of exposure to hepatitis C infection (HCV) in their countries of origin, however they are not routinely screened after arrival in most low HCV prevalence host countries. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of HCV in immigrants compared to the Canadian born population.

Methods: Using the reportable infectious disease database linked to the landed immigration database and several provincial administrative databases, we assembled a cohort of all reported cases of HCV in Quebec, Canada (1998-2008).

Risk of Active Tuberculosis in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cancer is a known risk factor for developing active tuberculosis (TB). We determined the incidence and relative risk of active TB in cancer patients compared to the general population.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched up to December 2015: Medline, Medline InProcess, EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cancerlit, and Web of Science.

Clinical and Healthcare Burden of Multiple Recurrences of Clostridium difficile Infection.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is associated with a high risk of recurrence (rCDI). Few studies have focused on multiple recurrences. To evaluate the potential of novel treatments targeting recurrence, we assessed the burden and severity of rCDI.

Factors Associated With Complications of Clostridium difficile Infection in a Multicenter Prospective Cohort.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea and may result in severe complications including death. We conducted a prospective study to identify risk factors for complications of CDI (cCDI).

Methods: Adult inpatients with confirmed CDI in 10 Canadian hospitals were enrolled and followed for 90 days.

Effects of lifestyle interventions that include a physical activity component in class II and III obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In class II and III obese individuals, lifestyle intervention is the first step to achieve weight loss and treat obesity-related comorbidities before considering bariatric surgery. A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression were performed to assess the impact of lifestyle interventions incorporating a physical activity (PA) component on health outcomes of class II and III obese individuals.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted in 4 databases (Medline, Scopus, CINAHL and Sportdiscus).

Evolution of the global burden of viral infections from unsafe medical injections, 2000-2010.

Background: In 2000, the World Health Organization estimated that, in developing and transitional countries, unsafe injections accounted for respectively 5%, 32% and 40% of new infections with HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Safe injection campaigns were organized worldwide. The present study sought to measure the progress in reducing the transmission of these viruses through unsafe injections over the subsequent decade.

Risk factors for recurrence, complications and mortality in Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) can lead to complications, recurrence, and death. Numerous studies have assessed risk factors for these unfavourable outcomes, but systematic reviews or meta-analyses published so far were limited in scope or in quality.

Methods: A systematic review was completed according to PRISMA guidelines.