Saliva Drives Interleukin-17-Induced Neutrophil Recruitment Favoring Infection.

During bloodfeeding, the presence of sand fly saliva in the hemorrhagic pool where is also inoculated modulates the development of host immune mechanisms creating a favorable environment for disease progression. To date, information obtained through experimental models suggests that sand fly saliva induces cellular recruitment and modulates production of eicosanoids. However, the effect of sand fly saliva in the different steps of the inflammatory response triggered by remains undefined.

CD8(+) granzyme B(+)-mediated tissue injury vs. CD4(+)IFNγ(+)-mediated parasite killing in human cutaneous leishmaniasis.

A protective or deleterious role of CD8(+)T cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been debated. The present report explores the participation of CD8(+)T cells in disease pathogenesis as well as in parasite killing. CD8(+)T cells accumulated in CL lesions as suggested by a higher frequency of CD8(+)CD45RO(+)T cells and CD8(+)CLA(+)T cells compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

IFN-gamma expression is up-regulated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-exposed dogs upon Leishmania chagasi promastigote stimulation in vitro.

While the response to Leishmania spp. is well characterized in mice and humans, much less is known concerning the canine immune response, particularly soon after exposure to the parasite. Early events are considered to be a determinant of infection outcome.