HIV incidence among non-pregnant women living in selected rural, semi-rural and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

The province of KwaZulu-Natal has the highest prevalence of HIV in South Africa, particularly among young women. In order to more closely examine the HIV prevalence and incidence in non-pregnant women from rural, semi-rural and urban areas, data from 5,753 women screened for enrolment into three HIV prevention studies were combined and analysed. The prevalence of HIV infection was 43% at screening.

Geoadditive models to assess spatial variation of HIV infections among women in local communities of Durban, South Africa.

Background: The severity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa varies between and within provinces, with differences noted even at the suburban scale. We investigated the geographical variability of HIV infection in rural areas of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.

Method: We used geoadditive models to assess nonlinear geographical variation in HIV prevalence while simultaneously controlling for important demographic and sexual risk factors.

Extracellular production of reactive oxygen species during seed germination and early seedling growth in Pisum sativum.

Extracellularly produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in plant development, but their significance for seed germination and seedling establishment is poorly understood. Here we report on the characteristics of extracellular ROS production during seed germination and early seedling development in Pisum sativum. Extracellular superoxide (O2(.

Extracellular superoxide production, viability and redox poise in response to desiccation in recalcitrant Castanea sativa seeds.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in seed death following dehydration in desiccation-intolerant 'recalcitrant' seeds. However, it is unknown if and how ROS are produced in the apoplast and if they play a role in stress signalling during desiccation. We studied intracellular damage and extracellular superoxide (O(2)(.

Magnesium iodide-4,4'-bipyridine-water (1/3/4) and strontium iodide-4,4'-bipyridine-propan-1-ol (1/2.5/2).

Both of the title compounds, catena-poly[[[tetraaquamagnesium(I)]-micro-4,4'-bipyridine-kappa(2)N:N'] diiodide bis(4,4'-bipyridine) solvate], [[Mg(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)(4)]I(2).2C(10)H(8)N(2)](n), (I), and catena-poly[[[micro-4,4'-bipyridine-bis[diiodobis(propan-1-ol)strontium(I)]]-di-micro-4,4'-bipyridine-kappa(4)N:N'] bis(4,4'-bipyridine) solvate], [[Sr(2)I(4)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(3)(C(3)H(8)O)(4)].2C(10)H(8)N(2)](n), (II), are one-dimensional polymers which are single- and double-stranded, respectively, the metal atoms being linked by the 4,4'-bipyridine moieties.