P4 medicine for epilepsy and intellectual disability: nutritional therapy for inherited metabolic disease.

Early identification and treatment of inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) are essential to prevent and minimize intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy. The oldest form of treatment, nutritional modulation, has proved beneficial for many IMDs. These conditions represent a promising model for P4 medicine - predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory - specifically through the interpretation of individual genetic, pathophysiological, and clinical characteristics.