Treatment of adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma with interventional radiology: A review of current evidences.

Interventional radiology shows promises in the field of women's health, particularly in pelvic interventions. This review article discusses the latest advancements in interventional radiology techniques for pelvic conditions affecting women including adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma. Extraperitoneal endometriosis involving the abdominal wall may be treated by percutaneous thermal ablation, such as cryoablation, whereas uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis can be managed either using percutaneous thermal ablation or using uterine artery embolization.

Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis: Etiologies, Diagnosis, and Updates in Therapeutic Strategies.

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is responsible for 4 to 10% of all deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Untreated UEDVT can lead to significant disability secondary to the postthrombotic syndrome. To date, there are no randomized trials specifically comparing different therapeutic strategies.

Bronchial Artery Embolization.

Massive hemoptysis is a highly morbid medical condition with up to 75% mortality with conservative treatment. Bronchial artery embolization has emerged as the common treatment for both acute massive hemoptysis and chronic hemoptysis. This article will review the clinical presentation, bronchial artery anatomy, embolization procedure, complications, and expected outcomes.

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: What the Interventional Radiologist Should Know.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal connections between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein bypassing the normal capillary bed causing a right-to-left shunt. The majority (80-90%) of PAVMs are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). PAVMs may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms of hypoxia, shortness of breath, migraines, sequelae of paradoxical embolization, or rupture.

Postpartum hemorrhage - what the interventional radiologist should know.

Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality around the world and can be caused by multiple etiologies. Distinguishing between the various etiologies that lead to PPH and identifying high risk features are crucial to implementing effective clinical management. In this review, the diagnostic imaging features and management principles of some of the most important causes of postpartum hemorrhage are discussed, with an emphasis on the pearls and pitfalls when minimally invasive treatment via interventional radiologic techniques are employed.

Transjugular Liver Biopsy.

Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) was first performed in 1970 and has since become a standard procedure in interventional radiology practices. TJLB can be used when a percutaneous liver biopsy is contraindicated, such as patients with ascites, coagulopathy, congenital clotting disorders or for patients undergoing concurrent evaluation for portal hypertension. While TJLB specimens tend to be smaller with less complete portal triads numerous studies have shown the samples to be adequate for diagnosis and staging.

Image-Guided Targeted Prostate Biopsies.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in the United States. Screening for prostate cancer has increased through the usage of prostate specific antigen and biopsies. Traditionally, prostate biopsies are done using transrectal ultrasound with 10-12 cores obtained in a sextant pattern.

Image Guided Bone Marrow Biopsy.

Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration are common diagnostic procedures used for the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple conditions including hematologic malignancies, non-hematologic malignancies, infection, and metabolic processes. While these procedures can be done on the inpatient floor or in clinic, imaging guidance has been utilized to improve patient safety. This article will review the patient work-up and considerations, as well as technique for performing both computed tomography and fluoroscopic guided bone marrow biopsies.

Ultrasound Guided Thyroid Biopsy.

Thyroid nodules are extremely prevalent among older adults, and pose a challenge due to the frequency in which they are incidentally encountered. Approximately 5% of all nodules are malignant. Ultrasound is the first line tool to evaluate thyroid nodules, and can help identify nodules that are high-risk for malignancy.

Port malposition in the azygos vein resulting in a veno-broncho and broncho-esophageal fistula: A case report.

We present a case of a port malposition into the azygos vein resulting in both a broncho-esophageal and veno-bronchial fistula. While complications of central venous catheter malposition into the azygos vein are well documented in literature, these unique complications have not yet been described. This case underscores how utilizing state of the art technology like intra-cavity electrocardiography rather that reliance on fluoroscopy can help eliminate catheter malposition and its potential catastrophic consequences.

Assessing the Status of Mentorship Programs in Interventional Radiology Residency Training: Results of a 2018 Survey.

Rationale And Objectives: To assess the prevalence and structure of mentorship programs in interventional radiology (IR) residency programs.

Materials And Methods: A 12-question anonymous survey was distributed via email to all 78 program directors (PDs) of United States IR residency programs. The survey included information about the presence or absence of a formal mentorship program at their institution, how the program functions, potential barriers to implementation, and future plans for mentorship.

Pediatric interventional radiology workforce survey: 10-year follow-up.

Background: Pediatric interventional radiology is a distinct subspecialty differing from both pediatric diagnostic radiology and adult interventional radiology. We conducted a workforce survey in 2005 to evaluate the state of pediatric interventional radiology at that time. Since then there have been many advancements to the subspecialty, including the founding of the Society for Pediatric Interventional Radiology (SPIR).

Depletion of peripheral macrophages and brain microglia increases brain tumor titers of oncolytic viruses.

Clinical trials have proven oncolytic virotherapy to be safe but not effective. We have shown that oncolytic viruses (OV) injected into intracranial gliomas established in rodents are rapidly cleared, and this is associated with up-regulation of markers (CD68 and CD163) of cells of monocytic lineage (monocytes/microglia/macrophages). However, it is unclear whether these cells directly impede intratumoral persistence of OV through phagocytosis and whether they infiltrate the tumor from the blood or the brain parenchyma.