Adjusting the Iodine Content of Iodized Salt to Meet the Recommended Intake for Females of Reproductive Age: A Simulation Study with a Reduced Sodium Scenario.

Background: The use of iodized salt is a key strategy to increase iodine intake worldwide. In many countries, including New Zealand, females of reproductive age are still at risk of being mildly iodine deficient.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of iodization of salt needed to ensure that females aged 18 to 40 y have an adequate intake of iodine in 2 scenarios: current discretionary salt intake and reduced discretionary salt intake.

Twenty-Four-Hour Diet recall and Diet records compared with 24-hour urinary excretion to predict an individual's sodium consumption: A Systematic Review.

This systematic literature review aimed to investigate whether 24 hour diet recall and diet records are reliable and valid ways to measure usual dietary sodium intake compared with 24 hour urinary assessment. We searched electronic databases Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library using pre-defined terms Studies were eligible for inclusion if they assessed adult humans in free-living settings, and if they included dietary assessment and 24 hours urinary collection for assessment of sodium intake in the same participants. Studies that included populations with an active disease state that might interfere with normal sodium metabolism were excluded.

Periodontitis and multiple markers of cardiometabolic risk in the fourth decade: A cohort study.

Objectives: To examine associations between periodontitis at ages 32 and 38 and a range of early cardiometabolic risk biomarkers at age 38.

Methods: Periodontal probing depth and bleeding on probing data collected during the age-32 and age-38 assessments in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study were used to quantify periodontal inflammatory load. Retinal microvascular abnormalities, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome data were collected during the age-38 assessment.

Assessment of dietary sodium intake using a food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion: a systematic literature review.

Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often used to assess dietary sodium intake, although 24-hour urinary excretion is the most accurate measure of intake. The authors conducted a systematic review to investigate whether FFQs are a reliable and valid way of measuring usual dietary sodium intake. Results from 18 studies are described in this review, including 16 validation studies.

Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Improve Sprint Performance in Professional Rugby Players: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Intervention Study.

Vitamin D insufficiency is common in athletes and may lower physical performance. Many cross-sectional studies associate vitamin D status with physical performance in athletes; however, there have been few prospective randomized controlled trials with adequate statistical power to test this relationship, and none in the southern hemisphere. Thus, a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial was conducted involving 57 professional rugby union players in New Zealand.

Regular activity breaks combined with physical activity improve postprandial plasma triglyceride, nonesterified fatty acid, and insulin responses in healthy, normal weight adults: A randomized crossover trial.

Background: Compared with prolonged sitting, regular activity breaks immediately lower postprandial glucose and insulin, but not triglyceride responses. Postprandial triglycerides can be lowered by physical activity but the effect is often delayed by ∼12 to 24 hours.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether regular activity breaks affect postprandial triglyceride response in a delayed manner similar to physical activity.

Risk Factors for Legionella longbeachae Legionnaires' Disease, New Zealand.

Legionella longbeachae, found in soil and compost-derived products, is a globally underdiagnosed cause of Legionnaires' disease. We conducted a case-control study of L. longbeachae Legionnaires' disease in Canterbury, New Zealand.

Efficacy of Codeine When Added to Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Ibuprofen for Relief of Postoperative Pain After Surgical Removal of Impacted Third Molars: A Double-Blinded Randomized Control Trial.

Purpose: The use of opioids in combination with nonopioids is common practice for acute pain management after third molar surgery. One such combination is paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine. The authors assessed the efficacy of codeine when added to a regimen of paracetamol and ibuprofen for pain relief after third molar surgery.

The sensitivity and specificity of thyroglobulin concentration using repeated measures of urinary iodine excretion.

Purpose: Iodine deficiency affects 30% of populations worldwide. The amount of thyroglobulin (Tg) in blood increases in iodine deficiency and also in iodine excess. Tg is considered as a sensitive index of iodine status in groups of children and adults, but its usefulness for individuals is unknown.

Iodine Supplementation of Mildly Iodine-Deficient Adults Lowers Thyroglobulin: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: An inverse relationship between thyroglobulin (Tg) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) has been found in children, potentially making Tg a viable blood marker of iodine status. The application of Tg in adults is unknown.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of Tg to assess iodine status in adults.

Can the Child Health Utility 9D measure be useful in oral health research?

Background: Cost-utility analysis using the quality-adjusted life years (QALY) as an outcome measure to inform healthcare resource allocation is becoming more common. The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) enables the calculation of utility values in children. Children were involved throughout its development to ensure it is child centred.

Epidemic of non-hodgkin lymphoma in new zealand remains unexplained.

Background. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) incidence rates have increased considerably in New Zealand. Methods.

Reexamining the association between smoking and periodontitis in the dunedin study with an enhanced analytical approach.

Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal disease. Conventional oral epidemiology approaches have found strong, consistent associations between chronic smoking and periodontal attachment loss (AL) through ages 26, 32, and 38 years, but those statistical methods disregarded the data's hierarchical structure. This study reexamines the association using hierarchical modeling to: 1) overcome the limitations of an earlier approach (trajectory analysis) to the data and 2) determine the robustness of the earlier inferences.

Capture-recapture using multiple data sources: estimating the prevalence of diabetes.

Objective: To examine the potential for using multiple list sources and capture-recapture methods for estimating the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes.

Method: A model-averaging procedure using an adjusted Akaike's Information Criterion (QAICc) was used to combine capture-recapture estimates from log-linear models obtained from simultaneously analysing four sources of data. The method was illustrated using four separate lists of patients with diabetes, resident in Otago, New Zealand.