Publications by authors named "Claire Levy-Marchal"

Background: Whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing (WES/RNASeq) should now be implemented in the clinical practice in order to increase access to optimal care for cancer patients. Providing results to Tumour Boards in a relevant time frame-that is, compatible with the clinical pathway-is crucial. Assessing the feasibility of this implementation in the French care system is the primary objective of the Multipli study, as one of the four pilot projects of the national France Genomic Medicine 2025 (FGM 2025) plan.

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  • Scientists studied 35 people from Guinea who survived Ebola to understand their health 23 months after treatment.
  • They found that these survivors had signs of inflammation and damage in their bodies, but they also had strong immune responses against the virus.
  • The study discovered specific markers in their blood that could help identify long-term effects of Ebola, called chronic Ebola virus disease (CEVD).
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Background: Clinical trials remain key to the development of evidence-based medical practice. However, they are becoming increasingly complex, mainly in a multinational setting. To address these challenges, the European Union (EU) adopted the Clinical Trial Regulation EU No.

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Background: Lassa Fever (LF), is a severe viral disease prevalent in Western Africa. It is classified as a priority disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). Ribavirin is the recommended therapy despite weak evidence of its efficacy.

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The G-protein-coupled receptor accessory protein MRAP2 is implicated in energy control in rodents, notably via the melanocortin-4 receptor. Although some MRAP2 mutations have been described in people with obesity, their functional consequences on adiposity remain elusive. Using large-scale sequencing of MRAP2 in 9,418 people, we identified 23 rare heterozygous variants associated with increased obesity risk in both adults and children.

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Background: Enrolling participants in clinical trials can be challenging, especially with respect to prophylactic vaccine trials. The vaccination of study personnel in Ebola vaccine trials during the 2014-2016 epidemic played a crucial role in inspiring trust and facilitating volunteer enrollment. We evaluated the ethical and methodological considerations as they applied to an ongoing phase 2 randomized prophylactic Ebola vaccine trial that enrolled healthy volunteers in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Mali in a non-epidemic context.

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  • In 2015, a study at an Ebola treatment center in Guinea assessed data from 286 EVD patients, focusing on factors like blood chemistry and the impact of favipiravir treatment.
  • 163 patients were selected for a detailed analysis, revealing that favipiravir-treated patients had a lower case-fatality rate and longer survival times compared to untreated patients.
  • While favipiravir treatment did not show a statistically significant impact on overall survival rates, it indicated a trend towards better outcomes consistent with previous research.
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Background: Urinary schistosomiasis, the result of infection by Schistosoma haematobium (Sh), remains a major global health concern. A schistosome vaccine could represent a breakthrough in schistosomiasis control strategies, which are presently based on treatment with praziquantel (PZQ). We report the safety and efficacy of the vaccine candidate recombinant 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase of Sh (rSh28GST) designated as Bilhvax, in a phase 3 trial conducted in Senegal.

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is more frequently observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) adult women than in nondiabetic women. No such prevalence has yet been studied in adolescent girls with T1DM.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PCOS in adolescent girls with T1DM and to determine the clinical and hormonal features associated with the disorder.

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Background: Salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylases hydrolyze starch. Copy number of AMY1A (encoding AMY1) was reported to be higher in populations with a high-starch diet and reduced in obese people. These results based on quantitative PCR have been challenged recently.

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Context: Young-onset obesity is strongly associated with the early development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetic risk scores (GRSs) related to T2D might help predicting the early impairment of glucose homeostasis in obese youths.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the contributions of four GRSs (associated with: T2D [GRS-T2D], beta-cell function [GRS-β], insulin resistance [GRS-IR], and body mass index) to the variation of traits derived from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in obese and normal-weight children and young adults.

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Background: An obesity subphenotype, named 'metabolically healthy obese' (MHO) has been recently defined to characterise a subgroup of obese individuals with less risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities. To date no data are available on participants born with small weight for gestational age (SGA) and the risk of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO).

Objective: Assess the risk of MUHO in SGA versus appropriate for gestational age (AGA) adult participants.

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Objectives: Compare the dietary intake of young adults born small for gestational age (SGA) versus those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: Data at the 8-year follow-up Haguenau cohort (France).

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Article Synopsis
  • Ebola virus disease (EVD) is highly fatal, and during the 2014 outbreak, the WHO identified favipiravir as a potential treatment, but ethical concerns prevented randomized trials.
  • Instead, a multicenter non-randomized trial was conducted where all patients received favipiravir to assess its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness in treating EVD.
  • Participants were selected based on specific criteria and received a set dosage of favipiravir, with the goal of gathering preliminary data to inform future research rather than establish definitive treatment guidelines.
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Background: We previously reported that the low-frequency, loss-of-function variant p.R270H in FFAR4 encoding the lipid sensor GPR120 was associated with obesity. Gpr120-deficient mice develop obesity and both impaired fasting glucose and glucose intolerance under a high-fat diet.

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Clinical research is of major importance to today's society, as scientific evidence is increasingly demanded as a basis for progress, whether this involves developing new healthcare products, improving clinical practice and care protocols or progress in prevention. Clinical research therefore requires professionals who are both experienced and increasingly well trained. Against this background, allied health professionals are becoming involved more and more, both as team members supporting clinical research projects and as managers or coordinators of projects in their own field.

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Background: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is a risk factor for later development of type 2 diabetes. The development of glucose tolerance disorders in adults involves insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.

Objective: To evaluate insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in a 4-yr old cohort of SGA.

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Variants in the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) gene were in a GWAS meta-analysis associated with reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) if inherited from the father, but inexplicably reduced fasting glucose when inherited from the mother. GRB10 is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and imprinted in a parent-of-origin fashion in different tissues. GRB10 knock-down in human pancreatic islets showed reduced insulin and glucagon secretion, which together with changes in insulin sensitivity may explain the paradoxical reduction of glucose despite a decrease in insulin secretion.

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Background: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is regarded as a risk factor for later metabolic complications. The SGA is defined as a birth weight below -2 SD of the distribution for sex and gestational age. However, the definition of SGA does not distinguish between those born after fetal growth restriction and innate SGA (iSGA).

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Background And Objective: Most of the cardiovascular risk factors strongly associated with obesity and overweight vary with age and gender. However, few reference values are available for healthy European children. Our objective was to establish pediatric reference ranges for waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting lipid levels (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), glucose, and insulin.

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Gene-lifestyle interactions have been suggested to contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Glucose levels 2 h after a standard 75-g glucose challenge are used to diagnose diabetes and are associated with both genetic and lifestyle factors. However, whether these factors interact to determine 2-h glucose levels is unknown.

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Free fatty acids provide an important energy source as nutrients, and act as signalling molecules in various cellular processes. Several G-protein-coupled receptors have been identified as free-fatty-acid receptors important in physiology as well as in several diseases. GPR120 (also known as O3FAR1) functions as a receptor for unsaturated long-chain free fatty acids and has a critical role in various physiological homeostasis mechanisms such as adipogenesis, regulation of appetite and food preference.

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