Valifenalate-induced non-adverse thyroid changes via adaptive induction of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in the liver of dogs and rats but not humans.

Some rat and dog toxicology studies with the fungicide valifenalate showed minimal, non-adverse thyroid changes, mostly above the maximum tolerated dose, and concomitantly with liver effects. This publication describes their mode of action (MOA), combining in vivo and new approach methodologies (NAMs), in a weight of evidence approach. Data demonstrate a MOA of liver enzyme induction via nuclear receptor CAR/PXR activation, increased thyroxine (T4) metabolism and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, leading to thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and increased thyroid weight.

Perinatal healthcare for women at risk of children's social care involvement: a qualitative survey of professionals in England.

Background: Women with complex health needs are more at risk of having children's social care involvement with their newborns than other mothers. Around the time of pregnancy, there are opportunities for health services to support women with these needs and mitigate the risk of mother-baby separation. Yet little is known about healthcare professionals' experiences of providing this support.

'On paper, you're normal': narratives of unseen health needs among women who have had children removed from their care.

Background: Mothers who have children removed from their care often have complex needs. These women have poor health outcomes and are dying earlier than their peers from preventable and amenable causes. Yet there is little known about how health care services might mitigate these risks.

Parental health in the context of public family care proceedings: A scoping review of evidence and interventions.

Background: Child protective services (CPS), or their equivalent, have statutory power to remove children from birth parents in instances of child abuse, neglect, or concerns around parenting capacity via public family care proceedings. Parents who have children subject to proceedings, 'birth parents', often have complex health and social care needs.

Objective: We aimed to review what is known about the health needs of birth parents and the interventions implemented to support these health needs.

Mental health service use among mothers involved in public family law proceedings: linked data cohort study in South London 2007-2019.

Purpose: Mental health problems and substance misuse are common among the mothers of children who experience court-mandated placement into care in England, yet there is limited research characterising these health needs to inform evidence-based policy. In this descriptive study, we aimed to generate evidence about the type, severity, and timing of mental health and substance misuse needs among women involved in public family law proceedings concerning child placement into care ('care proceedings').

Methods: This is a retrospective, matched cohort study using linked family court and mental health service records for 2137 (66%) of the 3226 women involved in care proceedings between 2007 and 2019 in the South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Trust (SLaM) catchment area.

ABCB4 Mutations in Adults Cause a Spectrum Cholestatic Disorder Histologically Distinct from Other Biliary Disease.

Background: Mutations in the ABCB4 gene are associated with failure of bile acid emulsification leading to cholestatic liver disease. Presentations range from progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) in childhood, to milder forms seen in adulthood.

Aims: We sought to characterize adult disease with particular reference to histology which has been hitherto poorly defined.

What are the perspectives of speech pathologists, occupational therapists and physiotherapists on using telehealth videoconferencing for service delivery to children with developmental delays? A systematic review of the literature.

Objective: To identify the attitudes and perspectives of speech pathologists, occupational therapists and physiotherapists on using telehealth videoconferencing for service delivery to children with developmental delays.

Design: Systematic Literature Review.

Method: An electronic search of databases Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PEDro, Speechbite, OTseeker and ScienceDirect was undertaken in October 2020.

Impact of counselling provision in primary schools on child and adolescent mental health service referral rates: a longitudinal observational cohort study.

Background: In the United Kingdom, schools play an increasingly important role in supporting young peoples' mental health. While there is a growing evidence base to support the effectiveness of school-based interventions, less is known about how these provisions impact on local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) referral rates. There is a concern that an increase in school-based provision might lead to an increase in CAMHS referrals and overwhelm services.

Parenting interventions for people with schizophrenia or related serious mental illness.

Background: Around a third of people with schizophrenia or related serious mental illness will be a parent. Both the parents and the children in this population are at increased risk of adverse outcomes due to parental mental illness. Parenting interventions are known to improve parenting skills and decrease child disruptive behaviour.

Arts-Based Interventions for Professionals in Caring Roles During and After Crisis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Crisis events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can have a devastating effect on communities and the care professionals within them. Over recent years, arts-based interventions have helped in a wide range of crisis situations, being recommended to support the workforce during and after complex crisis but there has been no systematic review of the role of arts-based crisis interventions and whether there are cogent themes regarding practice elements and outcomes. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review to (i) define the arts-based change process used during and after crisis events, and (ii) explore the perceptions of intermediate and long-term mental health benefits of arts-based interventions for professionals in caring roles.

Preterm birth prediction in asymptomatic women at mid-gestation using a panel of novel protein biomarkers: the Prediction of PreTerm Labor (PPeTaL) study.

Background: Accurate prediction of spontaneous preterm labor/preterm birth in asymptomatic women remains an elusive clinical challenge because of the multi-etiological nature of preterm birth.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate an immunoassay-based, multi-biomarker test to predict spontaneous preterm birth.

Materials And Methods: This was an observational cohort study of women delivering from December 2017 to February 2019 at 2 maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia.

User Perspectives of Mood-Monitoring Apps Available to Young People: Qualitative Content Analysis.

Background: Mobile health apps are increasingly available and used in a clinical context to monitor young people's mood and mental health. Despite the benefits of accessibility and cost-effectiveness, consumer engagement remains a hurdle for uptake and continued use. Hundreds of mood-monitoring apps are publicly available to young people on app stores; however, few studies have examined consumer perspectives.

Informing the development of an E-platform for monitoring wellbeing in schools: involving young people in a co-design process.

Background: The use of new technologies and methodologies in young people's mental health research is needed to allow more frequent and reliable sampling. Mobile applications and e-platforms create exciting potential for the collection of large-scale cohort data, however there are various feasibility and ethical issues to consider. Consultation with young people is needed to inform the research agenda, and ensure these technologies are engaging, useful and safe.

Effects of a monocarboxylate transport 1 inhibitor, AZD3965, on retinal and visual function in the rat.

Background And Purpose: Inhibition of monocarboxylate transport 1 (MCT1) is of interest in targeting highly glycolytic tumours. However, MCT1 is expressed in retina, and so inhibition of MCT1 could affect retinal function.

Experimental Approach: AZD3965, an MCT1 inhibitor selected for clinical development, and two additional MCT1 inhibitors were evaluated for effects on visual acuity in albino (Han Wistar) rats.

Decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate endothelial cell proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a cell culture model of preeclampsia.

Unlabelled: Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (DMSC), reportedly reduce endothelial cell dysfunction and alleviate PE-like symptoms in a murine model. However, as a therapeutic strategy, the use of whole DMSC presents significant technical limitations, which may be overcome by employing DMSC-secreted extracellular vesicles (DMSC_EV).

The functional observational battery and modified Irwin test as global neurobehavioral assessments in the rat: Pharmacological validation data and a comparison of methods.

Background: Evaluation of the effects of candidate drugs on the nervous system in preclinical safety pharmacology studies utilises a global neurobehavioral assessment, usually in the rat. This either takes the form of the functional observational battery (FOB) or modified Irwin Test, both of which evaluate effects across 4 functional domains: autonomic, neuromuscular, sensorimotor and behavioral. Although there is a great deal of overlap in the parameters they address, the two tests approach the assessments slightly differently.

Time to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Results from a prospective multicentre trainee-led audit.

Background: Endoscopy within 24 h of admission (early endoscopy) is a quality standard in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). We aimed to audit time to endoscopy outcomes and identify factors affecting delayed endoscopy (>24 h of admission).

Methods: This prospective multicentre audit enrolled patients admitted with AUGIB who underwent inpatient endoscopy between November and December 2017.

Renal Perfusion during Hemodialysis: Intradialytic Blood Flow Decline and Effects of Dialysate Cooling.

Background: Residual renal function (RRF) confers survival in patients with ESRD but declines after initiating hemodialysis. Previous research shows that dialysate cooling reduces hemodialysis-induced circulatory stress and protects the brain and heart from ischemic injury. Whether hemodialysis-induced circulatory stress affects renal perfusion, and if it can be ameliorated with dialysate cooling to potentially reduce RRF loss, is unknown.

Hepato-splanchnic circulatory stress: An important effect of hemodialysis.

The gastro-intestinal tract is being increasingly recognized as the site of key pathophysiological processes in the hemodialysis patient. Intestinal dysbiosis, increased intraluminal toxin production, and increased intestinal permeability are commonly observed processes which contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and thus elevated mortality. The acute circulatory effects of dialysis itself may contribute significantly to the development of gastrointestinal dysfunction as a result of both local and distant effects.

White Female Bystanders' Responses to a Black Woman at Risk for Sexual Assault: Positive Effects of Intergroup Contact.

Although much research suggests that intergroup contact reduces prejudice, less research has examined the effects of contact on prosocial intergroup bystander behaviors. The current study examined mediators between White undergraduate women's ( = 139) contact with racial/ethnic minority group members and their intent to help a Black woman at risk for sexual assault. As expected, White women who had more frequent and higher quality contact reported greater intent to intervene.

Effect of ultrafiltration during hemodialysis on hepatic and total-body water: an observational study.

Background: The hepatic circulation is involved in adaptive systemic responses to circulatory stress. However, it is vulnerable to both chronic hypervolemia and cardiac dysfunction. The influence of hemodialysis (HD) and ultrafiltration (UF) upon liver water content has been understudied.

Pharmacological validation of individual animal locomotion, temperature and behavioural analysis in group-housed rats using a novel automated home cage analysis system: A comparison with the modified Irwin test.

Background: The ActualHCA™ system continuously monitors the activity, temperature and behavior of group-housed rats without invasive surgery. The system was validated to detect the contrasting effects of sedative and stimulant test agents (chlorpromazine, clonidine and amphetamine), and compared with the modified Irwin test (mIT) with rectal temperature measurements.

Methods: Six male Han Wistar rats per group were used to assess each test agent and vehicle controls in separate ActualHCA™ recordings and mIT.

Percutaneous perfusion monitoring for the detection of hemodialysis induced cardiovascular injury.

Introduction: The safe delivery of hemodialysis (HD) faces dual challenges; the accurate detection of systemic circulatory stress producing cardiovascular (CV) injury, and the ability to enable effective preemptive intervention for such injury. We performed a pilot study to examine the capability of a new noninvasive, real-time monitoring system to detect the deleterious effects of HD on CV stability.

Methods: Eight patients were evaluated with echocardiography prior to the initiation of HD and again at peak HD stress.

A comparison of the efficacy of three intervention trial types: postal, group, and one-to-one facilitation, prior management and the impact of message framing and repeat messages on the flock prevalence of lameness in sheep.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three knowledge-transfer intervention trial types (postal, group, one-to-one) to promote best practice to treat sheep with footrot. Further aims were to investigate whether farmer behaviour (i.e.

International multicentre randomised controlled trial of improvisational music therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder: TIME-A study.

Background: Preliminary studies have indicated that music therapy may benefit children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Objectives: To examine the effects of improvisational music therapy (IMT) on social affect and responsiveness of children with ASD.

Design: International, multicentre, three-arm, single-masked randomised controlled trial, including a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-funded centre that recruited in London and the east of England.