Coronary Artery Vasculitis and Encasement: Multimodality Imaging Findings and Mimics.

Coronary artery vasculitis (CAV) and coronary artery encasement are rarely diagnosed conditions that are important diagnostic considerations, particularly in patients with acute coronary syndrome without traditional cardiovascular risk factors or systemic illness. refers to inflammation of the blood vessel walls, which can be primary or secondary. This process should be distinguished from neoplastic involvement of the coronary arteries, termed .

Imaging of Solid Pulmonary Nodules.

Early detection with accurate classification of solid pulmonary nodules is critical in reducing lung cancer morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) remains the most widely used imaging examination for pulmonary nodule evaluation; however, other imaging modalities, such as PET/CT and MRI, are increasingly used for nodule characterization. Current advances in solid nodule imaging are largely due to developments in machine learning, including automated nodule segmentation and computer-aided detection.

Clinical Pulp Fiction: First Multimodality Imaging of Needle Migration From Distal Esophagus Into Ventricular Septum.

A 21-year-old woman self-ingested an 18-gauge needle that perforated the distal esophagus into the left inferior ventricular myocardium, with migration into the septum. Radiography, computed tomography, and echocardiography imaging characterized the needle's location. Following an initial endoscopy and pericardial tamponade drainage, complete needle removal occurred via median sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass.

Impact of APOBEC Mutations on CD8+ T Cell Recognition of HIV Epitopes Varies Depending on the Restricting HLA.

We previously showed that APOBEC-mediated mutations in HIV CD8 T-cell epitopes generally reduce recognition by CD8 T cells. Here, we examined this effect in the context of histocompatibility-linked leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles differentially associated with disease progression rates. For HLA-B57-restricted epitopes, APOBEC mutations generally diminished CD8 T cell recognition.

Methodological and ethical issues in research using social media: a metamethod of Human Papillomavirus vaccine studies.

Background: Online content is a primary source of healthcare information for internet-using adults and a rich resource for health researchers. This paper explores the methodological and ethical issues of engaging in health research using social media.

Methods: A metamethod was performed on systematically selected studies that used social media as a data source for exploring public awareness and beliefs about Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) and HPV vaccination.

Positioning of APOBEC3G/F mutational hotspots in the human immunodeficiency virus genome favors reduced recognition by CD8+ T cells.

Due to constitutive expression in cells targeted by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and immediate mode of viral restriction upon HIV entry into the host cell, APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F) have been considered primarily as agents of innate immunity. Recent bioinformatic and mouse model studies hint at the possibility that mutation of the HIV genome by these enzymes may also affect adaptive immunity but whether this occurs in HIV-infected individuals has not been examined. We evaluated whether APOBEC-mediated mutations within common HIV CD8+ T cell epitopes can potentially enhance or diminish activation of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from infected individuals.

Emerging complexities of APOBEC3G action on immunity and viral fitness during HIV infection and treatment.

The enzyme APOBEC3G (A3G) mutates the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome by converting deoxycytidine (dC) to deoxyuridine (dU) on minus strand viral DNA during reverse transcription. A3G restricts viral propagation by degrading or incapacitating the coding ability of the HIV genome. Thus, this enzyme has been perceived as an innate immune barrier to viral replication whilst adaptive immunity responses escalate to effective levels.