Microstructural alterations of trabecular and cortical bone in long-term HIV-infected elderly men on successful antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: Progress in antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in an almost normal life expectancy for HIV-infected individuals, but an increased risk of fragility fractures has been identified. We investigated the influence of long-term HIV infection on successful ART on bone microstructure in elderly men.

Design: A cross-sectional, case–control study.

Association of circulating sclerostin with bone mineral mass, microstructure, and turnover biochemical markers in healthy elderly men and women.

Context: Sclerostin inhibits bone formation and is involved in the bone response to mechanical loading, but the role and significance of circulating sclerostin are poorly understood.

Objective: We assessed the association between serum sclerostin and calcitropic hormones, bone turnover marker levels, bone mineral content/density, and microstructure using 3 different immunoassays.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a cross-sectional study, serum sclerostin was measured in a cohort of 187 healthy subjects (98 women; 89 men) aged 65 ± 1 (±SD) years.

Assessment of the 10-year probability of osteoporotic hip fracture combining clinical risk factors and heel bone ultrasound: the EPISEM prospective cohort of 12,958 elderly women.

This study aimed to develop a hip screening tool that combines relevant clinical risk factors (CRFs) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the heel to determine the 10-yr probability of hip fractures in elderly women. The EPISEM database, comprised of approximately 13,000 women 70 yr of age, was derived from two population-based white European cohorts in France and Switzerland. All women had baseline data on CRFs and a baseline measurement of the stiffness index (SI) derived from QUS at the heel.

Prediction and discrimination of osteoporotic hip fracture in postmenopausal women.

Osteoporotic hip fractures increase dramatically with age and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Several treatments to prevent the occurrence of hip fracture have been validated in large randomized trials and the current challenge is to improve the identification of individuals at high risk of fracture who would benefit from therapeutic or preventive intervention. We have performed an exhaustive literature review on hip fracture predictors, focusing primarily on clinical risk factors, dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative ultrasound, and bone markers.