Intraplatelet Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: New Biomarkers in Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Negative Colorectal Cancer?

Background/aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with high incidence and mortality rates. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a prognostic biomarker for recurrent CRC following curative resection, suffers from low sensitivity, especially in early-stage screening. Intraplatelet angiogenesis regulators (IPAR), such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), have been identified as important regulators of tumor growth in CRC.