The Menstrual Health Manager (MHM): A Resource to Reduce Discrepancies Between Science and Practice in Sport and Exercise.

Inadequate research on female health and performance; the complexity of the research; low menstrual health literacy of athletes, coaches, and support staff; and ethical and cultural sensitivities are all recognized as barriers to effective health monitoring for females in sports. Frameworks have been developed for academics to follow to help improve the quality of female-specific research. However, a similar resource that enables correct terminology, and use of health monitoring techniques has not been provided for sporting organizations, coaches, support staff or athletes.

Effect of Amino Acid Supplementation on Iron Regulation after Endurance Exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pre-exercise amino acid (AA) supplementation on post-exercise iron regulation. Ten healthy males participated under two different sets of conditions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with a washout period of at least 21 days. Participants received either an AA supplement or placebo (PLA) for five consecutive days (4 g/dose, 3 doses/day).

Relationship between vitamin D, iron, and hepcidin in premenopausal females, potentially confounded by ethnicity.

Purpose: To investigate the associations between vitamin D, hepcidin, and iron status in premenopausal females of different ethnic cohorts residing in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ).

Methods: A total of 160 females aged 18-45 years participated in a cross-sectional study. Demographics, body composition, serum 25(OH)D, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, IL-6), and iron biomarkers (serum ferritin, haemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, and hepcidin) were measured.

Athlete Preferences for Nutrition Education: Development of and Findings from a Quantitative Survey.

Nutrition education (NE) is one of several strategies aimed at enhancing the dietary intake of athletes. This study investigated NE preferences of New Zealand and Australian athletes competing nationally and internationally. Athletes ( = 124, 22 (18, 27) years, female 54.

Do E and P contribute to the explained variance in core temperature response for trained women during exertional heat stress when metabolic rates are very high?

Purpose: Women remain underrepresented in the exercise thermoregulation literature despite their participation in leisure-time and occupational physical activity in heat-stressful environments continuing to increase. Here, we determined the relative contribution of the primary ovarian hormones (estrogen [E] and progesterone [P]) alongside other morphological (e.g.

Influence of an energy deficient and low carbohydrate acute dietary manipulation on iron regulation in young females.

Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that regulates iron metabolism. Recent studies suggest that an energy-deficient diet or low carbohydrate (CHO) availability may increase hepcidin in the absence of inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of either an energy-deficient diet or an ED diet with low CHO intake during three consecutive days on hepcidin responses, hematological variables, and energy metabolism in young Japanese women.

Physical Activity, Mental Health and Wellbeing of Adults within and during the Easing of COVID-19 Restrictions, in the United Kingdom and New Zealand.

Physical activity (PA) participation was substantially reduced at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between PA, mental health, and wellbeing during and following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions in the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ). In this study, 3363 adults completed online surveys within 2-6 weeks of initial COVID-19 restrictions (April/May 2020) and once restrictions to human movement had been eased.

The Hydrating Effects of Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic Sports Drinks and Waters on Central Hydration During Continuous Exercise: A Systematic Meta-Analysis and Perspective.

Background: Body-fluid loss during prolonged continuous exercise can impair cardiovascular function, harming performance. Delta percent plasma volume (dPV) represents the change in central and circulatory body-water volume and therefore hydration during exercise; however, the effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks and water on the dPV response is unclear.

Objective: To determine by meta-analysis the effects of ingested hypertonic (> 300 mOsmol kg), isotonic (275-300 mOsmol kg) and hypotonic (< 275 mOsmol kg) drinks containing carbohydrate and electrolyte ([Na] < 50 mmol L), and non-carbohydrate drinks/water (< 40 mOsmol kg) on dPV during continuous exercise.

Micronutrients and athletic performance: A review.

Optimising nutrition intake is a key component for supporting athletic performance and supporting adaption to training. Athletes often use micronutrient supplements in order to correct vitamin and mineral deficiencies, improve immune function, enhance recovery and or to optimise their performance. The aim of this review was to investigate the recent literature regarding micronutrients (specifically iron, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, calcium) and their effects on physical performance.

Measurement error of self-paced exercise performance in athletic women is not affected by ovulatory status or ambient environment.

Measurement error(s) of exercise tests for women are severely lacking in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to ) determine whether ovulatory status or ambient environment were moderating variables when completing a 30-min self-paced work trial and ) provide test-retest norms specific to athletic women. A retrospective analysis of three heat stress studies was completed using 33 female participants (31 ± 9 yr, 54 ± 10 mL·min·kg) that yielded 130 separate trials.

Menstrual phase and ambient temperature do not influence iron regulation in the acute exercise period.

The current study investigated whether ambient heat augments the inflammatory and postexercise hepcidin response in women and if menstrual phase and/or self-pacing modulate these physiological effects. Eight trained females (age: 37 ± 7 yr; V̇o: 46 ± 7 mL·kg·min; peak power output: 4.5 ± 0.

Iron status in athletic females, a shift in perspective on an old paradigm.

Iron deficiency is a common nutrient deficiency within athletes, with sport scientists and medical professionals recognizing that athletes require regular monitoring of their iron status during intense training periods. Revised considerations for athlete iron screening and monitoring have suggested that males get screened biannually during heavy training periods and females require screening biannually or quarterly, depending on their previous history of iron deficiency. The prevalence of iron deficiency in female athletes is higher than their male counterparts and is often cited as being a result of the presence of a menstrual cycle in the premenopausal years.

Strength Training Improves Exercise Economy in Triathletes During a Simulated Triathlon.

Purpose: The completion of concurrent strength and endurance training can improve exercise economy in cyclists and runners; however, the efficacy of strength training (ST) implementation to improve economy in long-distance (LD) triathletes has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate physiological outcomes in LD triathletes when ST was completed concurrently to endurance training.

Methods: A total of 25 LD triathletes were randomly assigned to either 26 weeks of concurrent endurance and ST (n = 14) or endurance training only (n = 11).

Hepcidin response to three consecutive days of endurance training in hypoxia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 3 consecutive days of endurance training in hypoxia on hepcidin responses.

Method: Nine active healthy males completed two trials, consisting of 3 consecutive days of endurance training in either hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen (FO): 14.5%) or normoxia (FO: 20.

Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during initial COVID-19 containment strategies: A multi-country cross-sectional analysis.

Objectives: To assess physical activity (PA), mental health and well-being of adults in the United Kingdom (UK), Ireland, New Zealand and Australia during the initial stages of National governments' Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) containment responses.

Design: Observational, cross-sectional.

Methods: An online survey was disseminated to adults (n=8,425; 44.

Iron deficiency and risk factors in pre-menopausal females living in Auckland, New Zealand.

Background And Objectives: Iron deficiency is prevalent in New Zealand, with low dietary haem intake and blood loss previously identified as risk factors. However, the influence of the hormone hepcidin on iron status has not been investigated.

Methods And Study Design: Females (n=170) aged 18-45 residing in Auckland participated in a cross-sectional study.

Partial sleep deprivation after an acute exercise session does not augment hepcidin levels the following day.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) after an exercise session in the evening on the endurance exercise-induced hepcidin response the following morning. Ten recreationally trained males participated under two different conditions. Each condition consisted of 2 consecutive days of training (days 1 and 2).

No effect of supplemented heat stress during an acute endurance exercise session in hypoxia on hepcidin regulation.

Unlabelled: Hepcidin is a novel factor for iron deficiency in athletes, which is suggested to be regulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) or erythropoietin (EPO).

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare endurance exercise-induced hepcidin elevation among "normoxia", "hypoxia" and "combined heat and hypoxia".

Methods: Twelve males (21.

Hepcidin and iron: novel findings for elite female rugby Sevens players.

Background: Iron deficiency is a common deficiency disease worldwide with athletes at increased risk.

Methods: A proposed new mechanism of exercise-induced iron deficiency in athletes involves the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, however, there is limited information on this amongst elite athletes. This study describes iron status in elite female rugby Sevens players.

Hepcidin as a Prospective Individualized Biomarker for Individuals at Risk of Low Energy Availability.

Hepcidin, a peptide hormone with an acknowledged evolutionary function in iron homeostasis, was discovered at the turn of the 21st century. Since then, the implications of increased hepcidin activity have been investigated as a potential advocate for the increased risk of iron deficiency in various health settings. Such implications are particularly relevant in the sporting community where peaks in hepcidin postexercise (∼3-6 hr) are suggested to reduce iron absorption and recycling, and contribute to the development of exercise-induced iron deficiency in athletes.

Response to "Are There Non-Responders to the Ergogenic 3 Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Exercise Performance?".

In response to "Letter: are there non-responders to the ergogenic effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance" by Grgic [...