Convalescent plasma transfusion for immunocompromised viremic patients with COVID-19: A retrospective multicenter study.

This study aims to assess the safety, virological, and clinical outcomes of convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) in immunocompromised patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study that included all immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19 and RNAemia from May 2020 to March 2023 treated with CPT. We included 81 patients with hematological malignancies (HM), transplants, or autoimmune diseases (69% treated with anti-CD20).

Antifungals influence the immune-related transcriptomic landscape of human monocytes after Aspergillus fumigatus infection.

The heterogeneity of clinical responses to antifungals in aspergillosis is partially understood. We hypothesized that besides direct antifungal effects, these discrepancies may be related to different immunomodulatory profiles. Human THP-1 monocytes were coincubated in vitro with Aspergillus fumigatus and variable concentrations of voriconazole (0.

Post-transplant Malignancies Show Reduced T-cell Abundance and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as Correlates of Impaired Cancer Immunosurveillance.

Purpose: An increased risk to develop cancer is one of the most challenging negative side effects of long-term immunosuppression in organ transplant recipients and impaired cancer immunosurveillance is assumed as underlying mechanism. This study aims to elucidate transplant-related changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of cancer.

Experimental Design: Data from 123 organ transplant recipients (kidney, heart, lung, and liver) were compared with historic data from non-immunosuppressed patients.

COVID-19 outbreak in vaccinated patients from a haemodialysis unit: antibody titres as a marker of protection from infection.

Background: Patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) have an increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a reduced response to vaccines. Data are needed to identify immune correlates of protection in this population.

Methods: Following a COVID-19 outbreak among vaccinated patients in a HD unit, clinical data and serological response to BNT162b2 vaccine were retrospectively recorded.

Poor outcome and high prevalence of invasive fungal infections in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma exposed to zidovudine and interferon alfa.

Patients treated for adult T-Cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) have a poor prognosis and are prone to infectious complications which are poorly described. As the French reference center for ATL, we retrospectively analyzed 47 consecutive ATL (acute, n = 23; lymphoma, n = 14; chronic, n = 8; smoldering, n = 2) patients between 2006 and 2016 (median age 51 years, 96% Afro-Caribbean origin). The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 15.

Risk of Lung Allograft Dysfunction Associated With Infection.

Unlabelled: We sought to determine whether invasive aspergillosis (IA) during the first year after lung transplantation increased the risk of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 191 patients who underwent lung transplantation at our institution between January 2013 and December 2017. Screening for was with bronchial aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage if indicated or during surveillance bronchoscopy, radiography, and computed tomography.

Current Spectrum of Infections in Patients with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia.

Outcome of patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) has improved with the widespread use of immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). There are few data on the spectrum of infections experienced by patients undergoing IgRT. We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the records of XLA patients seen at Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris.

COVID-19 severity in kidney transplant recipients is similar to nontransplant patients with similar comorbidities.

Higher rates of severe COVID-19 have been reported in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) compared to nontransplant patients. We aimed to determine if poorer outcomes were specifically related to chronic immunosuppression or underlying comorbidities. We used a 1:1 propensity score-matching method to compare survival and severe disease-free survival (defined as death and/or need for intensive care unit [ICU]) incidence in hospitalized KTRs and nontransplant control patients between February 26 and May 22, 2020.

A 1-Year Prospective French Nationwide Study of Emergency Hospital Admissions in Children and Adults with Primary Immunodeficiency.

Purpose: Patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) are at risk of serious complications. However, data on the incidence and causes of emergency hospital admissions are scarce. The primary objective of the present study was to describe emergency hospital admissions among patients with PID, with a view to identifying "at-risk" patient profiles.

Cytokine profile in lung transplant recipients with Aspergillus spp colonization.

We studied cytokine profiles in BAL of LTRs with Aspergillus spp colonization who did not progress to IPA in the absence of antifungal prophylaxis. This was a retrospective, single center case-control study. BAL samples were analyzed for cytokines.

Understanding Pathogenesis and Care Challenges of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Fungal Infections.

Immune deficiency of diverse etiology, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antineoplastic agents, immunosuppressive agents used in solid organ recipients, immunomodulatory therapy, and other biologics, all promote invasive fungal infections. Subsequent voluntary or unintended immune recovery may induce an exaggerated inflammatory response defining immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which causes significant mortality and morbidity. Fungal-associated IRIS raises several diagnostic and management issues.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Primary Immunodeficiencies.

Purpose: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but severe demyelinating disease caused by the polyomavirus JC (JCV) in immunocompromised patients. We report a series of patients with primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) who developed PML.

Methods: Retrospective observational study including PID patients with PML.

Clinical risk factors for invasive aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients: Results of an international cohort study.

Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a frequent complication in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Clinical risk factors for IA have not been fully characterized, especially in the era of extensive anti-fungal prophylaxis. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical risk factors associated with IA in LTRs.

Recent advances in understanding and managing infectious diseases in solid organ transplant recipients.

Undergoing solid organ transplantation (SOT) exposes the recipient to various infectious risks, including possible transmission of pathogen by the transplanted organ, post-surgical infections, reactivation of latent pathogens, or novel infections. In the last few years, the emergence of Zika virus has raised concerns in the transplant community. Few cases have been described in SOT patients, and these were associated mainly with moderate disease and favorable outcome; the notable exception is a recent case of fatal meningo-encephalopathy in a heart transplant recipient.

Increase in Ocular Syphilis Cases at Ophthalmologic Reference Center, France, 2012-2015.

We describe the frequency, demographic and clinical features, and visual outcomes of ocular syphilis infections observed during 2012-2015 at a tertiary reference center in Paris, France. Twenty-one cases (29 eyes) were identified. The occurrence of ocular syphilis increased from 1 case in 2012 to 5 cases in 2013, 6 cases in 2014, and 9 cases in 2015 (2.

Spondylodiscitis Due to Aspergillus terreus in an Immunocompetent Host: Case Report and Literature Review.

Aspergillus terreus, a saprophytic fungus, is recognized as an emerging pathogen responsible for various infections in human beings. However, bone and joint involvement is uncommon. We report a rare case of A.

Mucormycosis: New Developments into a Persistently Devastating Infection.

Mucormycosis is a rare, though increasingly prevalent, life-threatening fungal disease caused by Mucorales. The incidence has increased over the last decade and its mortality remains high at around 50%. Mucormycosis occurs mostly in patients with diabetes mellitus and/or in the context of immunosuppression resulting from chemotherapy for hematological malignancy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or solid-organ transplantation.

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein deficiency: more than an X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome.

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency (also known as X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2, XLP-2) is a rare primary immunodeficiency. Since the disease was first described in 2006, more than 70 patients suffering from XIAP-deficiency have been reported, thus extending the clinical presentations of the disease. The main clinical features of XLP-2 are (i) elevated susceptibility to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH, frequently in response to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)), (ii) recurrent splenomegaly and (iii) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with the characteristics of Crohn's disease.

XIAP deficiency syndrome in humans.

The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency, also known as the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2 (XLP-2), is a rare primary immunodeficiency. XIAP deficiency is characterized by a key triad of clinical manisfestations, which consist of a high susceptibility to develop hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) frequently triggered by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, recurrent splenomegaly and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with the features of a Crohn's disease. XIAP deficiency can be considered as one of the genetic causes for inherited IBD.