Discontinuation/Interruption of Warfarin Therapy in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Use of warfarin is standard of care for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, AF patients experience high rates of warfarin discontinuation/interruption, resulting in increased health risks and health care costs. As such, it is important to study the rates and predictors of warfarin discontinuation/interruption in this population.

Determination of moisture and fat in meats by microwave and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis: collaborative study.

Ten laboratories participated in a collaborative study to determine the total moisture and fat in raw and processed meat products by microwave drying and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Meat products were prepared following the AOAC Method and analyzed using CEM Corp.'s SMART Trac Moisture and Fat Analysis system.

Selection of therapeutic agents for intraocular proliferative disease. Cell culture evaluation.

A variety of antimetabolites, steroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents were tested for their ability to inhibit rabbit dermal and conjunctival fibroblast proliferation in cell culture. Doxorubicin hydrochloride and fluorouracil produced notable inhibition in concentrations of less than 1 mg/L. Meclofenamate sodium and indomethacin produced notable inhibition at concentrations of 11 and 40 mg/L, respectively.

Effect of retinoic acid on the growth and morphology of a prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line cloned for the retinoid inducibility of alkaline phosphatase.

Cells derived from the G-subline of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma were selected on the basis of their inducibility for alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity by retinoic acid. A p-nitrophenylphosphate-agarose overlay procedure was used to identify AP-inducible clones. The frequency of AP-inducible cells in one rapidly growing tumorigenic clone, designated 9-1C, has remained at 100% during at least 4 months of continuous culture.

In vivo selection of androgen-insensitive cells in R3327-G rat prostate tumors: diethylstilbestrol diphosphate treatment versus orchiectomy.

Tumors grown in diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES)-treated rats grew significantly more slowly than tumors grown in orchiectomized animals, and tumors grown in orchiectomized animals grew significantly more slowly than tumors grown in controls (intact male rats). When these tumors (phase I) were dispersed and reimplanted into DES-treated, orchiectomized, or control rats in all possible combinations (phase II), a partial selection of androgen-insensitive cells was observed in tumors grown in DES-treated animals. Tumors grown in DES-treated phase I animals responded significantly less to DES treatment or orchiectomy in phase II.

Fluorouracil for the treatment of massive periretinal proliferation.

A single intravitreal injection of fluorouracil was effective in the treatment of an experimental model of massive periretinal proliferation. When given with an intravitreal injection of 250,000 heterologous fibroblasts, fluorouracil decreased the rate of tractional retinal detachment from 36.8% in controls (seven of 19 eyes) to 5.

Experimental intraocular proliferation and neovascularization.

An experimental model of massive periretinal proliferation and intraocular neovascularization, produced in rabbits by the intravitreal injection of 250,00 cultured heterologous fibroblasts, showed no significant difference in the detachment rate (69% to 100%) or neovascularization rate (45% to 88%) between the animals injected with autologous cells and those injected with heterologous cells. Dermal fibroblasts produced a slightly higher detachment rate than conjunctival fibroblasts and were equally effective after reconstitution and subculture from liquid nitrogen storage in 7% dimethyl sulfoxide. Heterologous cells produced no clinical or histologic evidence of rejection when compared with autologous cells in the same animal and had the following advantages: (1) elimination of several biopsies and extended cell culture time; (2) a ready source of cryopreserved cells is available; (3) multiple injections of many animals can be performed within a short time; (4) in vivo and in vitro drug testing can be correlated on the same cell line.

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins from the R3327 prostate adenocarcinoma.

The Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma (R3327) is a reliable model that shares many similarities with the human tumor. Two sublines of the tumor, G and H, represent opposite extremes in histology and growth rate. Purified membrane fractions from G and H solid tumors were isolated by sucrose gradient.

Flow cytometric analysis of R3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma grown in vivo and in vitro.

The Dunning R3327 transplantable prostate adenocarcinoma in the Copenhagen rat is an acceptable model for the human disease. The G-subline (a rapidly growing carcinoma) and the H-subline (a slow-growing, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma) represent the extremes of differentiation and growth rate of this tumor. Both sublines were found to have one population that was diploid and a second aneuploid population that was hyperdiploid in DNA content.

Flow cytometric analysis of RNA content in different cell populations using pyronin Y and methyl green.

Pyronin Y (PY) was used, in flow cytometric (FCM) systems, to estimate the RNA content per cell in formalin fixed EL4 leukosis tumor cells, enzyme dispersed R3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma cells, mouse spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin A, and human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Preincubation of the cells with methyl green (MG) blocked PY binding to DNA such that the intracellular fluorescence from MG-PY was due primarily to its binding to RNA. Treatment of the cells with ribonuclease resulted in a 3- to 5-fold reduction in the fluorescence intensity of intracellular MG-PY.

Hormone sensitivity of the R3327-G rat prostate adenocarcinoma: growth rate, DNA content, and hormone receptors.

The growth of the R3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma was significantly reduced when implanted in orchiectomized male rats (ORCH tumors). Tumors grown in intact animals (control tumors) had a doubling time of 7.4 days as compared to 9.

Immunochemical studies of infectious mononucleosis. VIII. A glycoprotein from sheep erythrocytes with sialic acid-dependent receptor properties.

A glycoprotein was solubilized from sheep erythrocyte membranes with hot aqueous ethanol. The glycoprotein was purified by phosphocellulose chromatography, ethanol precipitation, lipid solvent extraction, and DEAE chromatography. In water solution the glycoprotein existed as globular aggregates with a diameter of 7.

Flow cytometric monitoring of R 3327 rat prostate carcinoma.

The R 3327 G tumor responds to estrogen in early stages, but relapses when estrogen therapy is continued beyond 50 days postimplantation. Measurement of DNA content per cell by flow cytometric analysis revealed two populations of cells in the tumors with ploidies of 2 c and 3.2 c.

Flow cytometric analysis of the response of the R3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma to endocrine manipulation.

The technique of flow cytometric DNA histogram analysis (FCM) shows there to be two distinct cell populations (diploid vs aneuploid) in the poorly differentiated R3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. The following study compares tumor weight measurements with several FCM computer-based methods designed to determine rapidly the proliferative status of tumors. Hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, orchiectomy, sham operations, or diethylstilbestrol treatments were initiated when the tumors were palpable (day 21) and continued until the tumors were excised (day 52).

Endocrine manipulation of the Dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma.

The Dunning animal model was used to evaluate endocrine management of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Hypophysectomy, alone or in combination, and orchiectomy plus stilbestrol were the most effective means of suppressing tumor growth. Medical adrenalectomy by aminoglutethimide administration was as effective as surgical ablation.

The effect of aqueous humor on the growth of subconjunctival fibroblasts in tissue culture and its implications for glaucoma surgery.

We used aqueous humor from cataract patients and glaucoma patients as a medium for tissue culture of subconjunctival fibroblasts. The aqueous humor from cataract patients consistently inhibited the growth of their own subconjunctival fibroblasts, whereas that of some of the glaucoma patients did not. We found a significant correlation between the success of the filtering operation and the ability of that patient's aqueous humor to inhibit the growth of fibroblasts in tissue culture.

Aqueous humor changes after experimental filtering surgery.

We studied aqueous humor of rhesus and owl monkeys for its effect on the growth of subconjunctival fibroblasts in tissue culture. Aqueous humor samples obtained before glaucoma surgery inhibited the initiation of growth of fibroblasts. However, postoperative aqueous humor samples supported growth of fibroblasts.

Intravitreal autotransplantation of fibroblasts.

Tissue cultured skin fibroblasts autotransplanted into the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes formed intravitreal strands that grew toward the medullary ray and optic nerve head and caused preretinal puckers and traction detachment. After four weeks, 32 of 51 eyes (63%) developed these changes. Light and electron microscopy revealed initial cell death.

Establishment of primary cell cultures from normal and neoplastic human prostate gland tissue.

Explants of embryonic, normal adult, and tumor-containing prostate gland tissue in culture produced outgrowths of cells having an "epithelial" appearance. The fetal cells exhibited by far the highest potential for growth in vitro. Growth of prostate gland adult cells did not appear to depend on the age of the donor.