Minimizing tearing during vaginal delivery with a perineal protection device: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is a growing body of evidence indicating that second-degree tears cause both short- and long-term consequences. Very few preventative measures have been found to reduce the incidence of these tears.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the use of a perineal protection device during vaginal birth reduces severe perineal tearing (grade ≥2 tear) in primiparous women compared with routine manual perineal support.

Preeclampsia and high blood pressure in early pregnancy as risk factors of severe maternal cardiovascular disease during 50-years of follow-up.

Objectives: Studies suggest preeclampsia as a risk factor for long term cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while evidence is limited regarding the risk of high blood pressures (BP) in early pregnancy.

Study Design: A register-based follow-up of 2434 mothers in the Helsingborg Birth Cohort. Associations of high BP in early pregnancy (>95th percentile systolic [SBP], diastolic [BDP], or mean arterial BP [MAP]) during the first antenatal visit and/or preeclampsia with an incident CVD event (ischemic heart disease or stroke) were assessed.

Correlations of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) grade, specific symptoms of anal incontinence, and measurements by endoanal and transperineal ultrasound.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the initial grade of obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASIS), and Wexner score parameters, with ultrasonographic findings by endoanal ultrasound (EAUS, golden standard) and transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) 6 months post-partum.

Methods: Fifty-nine women after primary repair of OASIS were included at Helsingborg Hospital, Sweden, 2016-2017. Six months post-partum the women filled in a questionnaire regarding symptoms of anal incontinence by the Wexner score and were scanned with EAUS and TPUS (resting state and contracting state) for classification of the residual defect by a modified Starck score.

Early life exposures and risk of adult respiratory disease during 50 years of follow-up.

Adult health is influenced by factors during fetal life affecting organ development and birth weight. We aimed to study such factors in relation to adult respiratory disease (ARD) risk. The Helsingborg Birth Cohort, Sweden, contributed baseline data collected by medical staff through clinical examination and questionnaires on maternal and birth characteristics 1964-1967.

Comparison of transperineal and endoanal ultrasound in detecting residual obstetric anal sphincter injury.

Introduction: Endoanal ultrasound is considered the gold standard when assessing the obstetric anal sphincter complex. Due to its relative intrusiveness and economic cost, other ultrasound modalities are on the rise, such as transperineal ultrasound with a convex probe. The aim of our study was to evaluate the agreement between endoanal ultrasound scores (EAUS score) and transperineal ultrasound scores (TPUS score) in assessing residual obstetric anal sphincter defects.

Glucose homeostasis, beta cell function, and insulin resistance in relation to vitamin D status after gestational diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: We wanted to determine vitamin D status after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to evaluate whether levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD ) are associated with beta cell function, insulin resistance or a diagnosis of diabetes after GDM.

Material And Methods: Glucose homeostasis was assessed during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test one to two years after delivery in 376 women with previous GDM (287 European and 78 non-European, including 33 Arab and 35 Asian women). Insulin resistance was estimated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Seasonal Pattern in the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Sweden.

. The aim of this study was to examine seasonal patterns in glucose tolerance and in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). .

HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aim: We wanted to investigate third-trimester HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Women with GDM were followed up prospectively for five years from pregnancy to detect the development of diabetes. The ability of HbA1c to predict diabetes was evaluated with receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis.

Model for individual prediction of diabetes up to 5 years after gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To identify predictors of diabetes development up to 5 years after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to develop a prediction model for individual use.

Methods: Five years after GDM, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 362 women, excluding women already diagnosed with diabetes at 1- to 2-year follow-up or later (n = 45). All but 21 women had results from follow-up at 1-2 years, while 84 women were lost from that point.

The relative importance of maternal body mass index and glucose levels for prediction of large-for-gestational-age births.

Background: The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases substantially with increasing maternal body mass index (BMI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative importance of maternal BMI and glucose levels in prediction of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) births.

Method: This observational cohort study was based on women giving birth in southern Sweden during the years 2003-2005.

Role of HbA1c in post-partum screening of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To compare the performance of HbA1c with established glucose criteria during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to assess HbA1c as a screening test for undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Glucose homeostasis was re-evaluated 1-5 years after delivery in 140 women with previous GDM, by means of OGTT and simultaneous HbA1c measurement. Glucose tolerance was defined according to World Health Organisation criteria.

Trends in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in southern Sweden, 2003-2012.

There is accumulating evidence that gestational diabetes is a growing problem. The lack of internationally standardized diagnostic procedures prevents consistent diagnosis and the burden of gestational diabetes must be determined in country-specific studies. In southern Sweden, gestational diabetes is defined as a 2-h capillary plasma glucose concentration of ≥10.

The impact of ethnicity on glucose homeostasis after gestational diabetes mellitus.

The objective of this study was to examine measures of insulin resistance and beta cell function in relation to ethnicity and the development of diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Glucose homeostasis was assessed during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test 1-2 years after delivery in 456 women with previous GDM (362 European, 94 non-European; including 41 Arab and 43 Asian women) and 133 control women. Insulin resistance was estimated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Evaluation of the relationship between capillary and venous plasma glucose concentrations obtained by the HemoCue Glucose 201+ system during an oral glucose tolerance test.

In 55 women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, simultaneous capillary and venous plasma glucose concentrations were measured at 0, 30 and 120 min during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The aims of the study were to examine the relationship between capillary and venous glucose measurements, and to establish equations for the conversion of capillary and venous glucose concentrations using the HemoCue Glucose 201+ system. Additionally, the correlation between the capillary and venous glucose concentrations with the diagnostic cut-off limits proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999 was evaluated.