First Evidence of "Earth Wax" Inside the Casting Molds from the Roman Era.

This research was focused on the analysis of material composition and organic residues present in three molds found in the Moravian region (Czech Republic) belonging to the Roman era. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy pointed out the possible remelting of Roman objects in Barbarian territory. The analysis of organic residues retrieved from the internal part of mold #2 by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry proved the presence of ozokerite wax ("earth wax").

Lapidus arthrodesis in combination with arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint-biomechanical cadaver study comparing two methods of fixation.

Aims: To assess the results of a biomechanical test of cadaveric specimens, comparing 2 methods of fixation of modified Lapidus arthrodesis in combination with arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Methods: A total of 12 cadaveric specimens were used in the test. Arthrodesis of the first MTP joint was in all patients fixed with a Variable Angle LCP 1st MTP Fusion Plate 2.

[Our Initial Experience with Radial Head Replacement].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY A single treatment procedure for multi-fragmented non-reconstructible radial head fractures has not been established as of yet. One of the available treatment methods can be the implantation of an endoprosthesis, but there is no consensus in available publications. We therefore decided to trial their use and to obtain our own experience.

[Reconstruction of Lower Extremity Palsy after Pelvic Fractures with the Muscle Transfers].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The prevalence of nerve structure injuries accompanying pelvic and acetabular fractures is stated to be 5-25 %, with most frequent injuries to motor nerve structures associated with fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum. Prognostically worse outcomes of regeneration are documented mainly in iatrogenic, intraoperative injuries to nerve structures. This study aims to document the functional effect of muscle transfers restoring the movement of lower extremities with irreversible nerve lesion caused by the pelvic and acetabular fracture.

Image Possibilities of the Peripheral Nerve Tumor Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Case Report.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and morphological analysis of peripheral nerve tumours (PNTs). In recent years, a number of novel MRI sequences such as MR neurography (MRN), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) or MR tractography (MRT) have emerged extending the range of conventional MRI techniques. These advanced sequences are able to provide detailed information concerning PNTs structure, including the course and function of individual neural fascicles.

[Penetrating Injuries of the Heart and Great Vessels - Fifteen Years of Experience of the Cardiac Surgery Service as a Part of the Major Trauma Centre].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Outcome analysis of penetrating cardiac and great vessels injury within the 15-year existence of the cardiac surgery service as a part of the major trauma centre of the University Hospital Olomouc MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of a group of a total of 16 patients who underwent a surgery for penetrating cardiac and great vessels injury since II/2002 to XI/2016. The dominant causes of penetrating trauma were stab injuries (15 patients, 94%), in one patient only (6%) it was a gunshot injury. The mean age of the patients included in the group was 42.

[Indication for Radial Head Resection in Traumatology].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of our study was to determine the indications for radial head resection at the present day. MATERIAL AND METHODS The radial head resection was performed in the period from 2008 to 2015 in 63 patients divided into three groups. The first group marked "CR" consisted of 33 patients with the Mason type III fracture.

[Arthroscopic Resection and Spongioplasty of Scapholunate Joint in Treating Chronic Dynamic Scapholunate Instability].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The study evaluated the method of arthroscopic stabilisation of dynamic scapholunate (SL) instability by scapholunate joint resection using bone graft to create synarthrosis between the scaphoid and lunate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six patients with chronic dynamic SL instability of Geisler-Messina - EWAS grade IIIB, C and IV were treated by artificial synarthrosis of SL joint using an arthroscopic technique. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 32.

[The Effect of Activation of the Shoulder Girdle Muscles on Functional Outcomes of Rehabilitation in Patients with Surgically Treated Distal Radius Fractures].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to assess the functional outcomes of rehabilitation in patients with surgically treated distal radius fractures in the early postoperative period. We compared the functional outcomes of patients undergoing standard rehabilitation with the group of patients whose postoperative rehabilitation was extended with shoulder girdle exercises of the affected upper limb while the wrist was immobilized. Several indices and variables were used for the assessment of the functional therapeutic outcomes of the affected wrist.

[High-Resolution MR Examination of the Scapholunate Ligament using a Microscopic Coil: Comparison with Direct MR Arthrography and Arthroscopy Findings].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Scapholunate dissociation is a clinically most frequently diagnosed form of carpal instability. The aim of this study was to compare high resolution MRI using a microscopic coil with direct MRI arthrography in patients with suspected scapholunate ligament lesions and compare the results with arthroscopy findings and Geissler's arthroscopy classification. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study was carried out in 47 patients (average age, 30.

[Scaphoid excision and four-corner fusion using the variable angle locking intercarpal fusion plate for treatment of post-traumatic degenerative changes of the wrist].

Purpose Of The Study: The aim of this study is to compare functional and X-ray results before and after four-corner arthrodesis using an angular stable dorsal circular plate in patients with post-traumatic degenerative changes of the wrist.

Methods: Nine consecutive patients with scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) or scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) of the wrist, stage III, underwent scaphoid excision and four-corner fusion using angular stable plate fixation. The wrists were immobilised using a split for two weeks and then a removable wrist brace with assisted physiotherapy for four weeks.

Comparison of the results and complications of palmar and dorsal miniinvasive approaches in the surgery of scaphoid fractures. A prospective randomized study.

Aims: To compare the functional results and complications associated with palmar percutaneous and dorsal limited approaches in the surgical treatment of nondisplaced or minimally displaced scaphoid fractures type B2.

Methods: A total of 76 patients with acute nondisplaced or minimally displaced type B2 scaphoid fractures were included in a prospective randomised study. The assignment patients to groups according to type of operative approach was based on systematic sampling.

[Restoration of active foot extension following peroneal nerve palsy].

Introduction: Common peroneal nerve palsy is the commonest lower extremity peripheral paresis. The foot drop and inability or difficulty to move the ankle and toes dorsally and inability to perform foot pronation is a debilitating condition for the patient. Tendon transfer is a treatment option often used to restore the foot function after the peroneal palsy in cases when reinervation is not clinically satisfactory.

[Early suture versus ligamentoplasty of scapholunate ligament injury: comparison of clinical results].

Purpose Of The Study: The aim was to evaluate subjective and objective criteria of wrist, hand and arm function in a group of patients with acute static scapholunate dissociation treated by acute suture or ligament reinsertion, and in a group of patients with chronic static scapholunate dissociation treated by ligament reconstruction using ligamentoplasty.

Material And Methods: Of a total number of 70 patients treated surgically for scapholunate instability at the Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital in Olomouc and the Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital in Brno, from 2002 till the end of 2008, 37 patients with acute or chronic static scapholunate dissociation treated by suture, ligament reinsertion or ligamentoplasty were selected. Of them, 17 patients with chronic scapholunate dissociation and 10 patients with acute scapholunate dissociation appeared at the final follow-up.

A biomechanical study of a suture between the deltoid muscle and a free tendon graft for reconstruction of the elbow extension.

Aims: It is possible to reconstruct the elbow motion in tetraplegic patients using the posterior portion of the deltoid muscle. In this surgery however, it is a problem to achieve a firm suture between the deltoid muscle and the tendon graft which extends the muscle and is sewn in order to compensate for the plegic musculus triceps brachii function. This study assesses two methods of attachment between muscle and free tendon graft from the biomechanical point of view.

Early results of reconstruction of the dorsal scapholunate ligament.

We present the clinical results of a study of chronic dynamic scapholunate (SL) dissociation treated by reconstruction of the dorsal SL ligament. A total of 35 patients who presented with chronic dynamic SL instability had the scapholunate ligament reconstructed with a tendon graft. Twenty-nine patients were available for follow-up evaluation after a minimal interval of 17 months (range 17-72).

[Restoration of upper-limb function in patients with cervical spinal cord lesion].

Purpose Of The Study: Injury to the spinal chord at the C5 level results in a severe handicap to the patient because of a loss of active motion of the wrist and hand. Selected surgical procedures can effectively restore active extension of the wrist and provide conditions for some vital pinching and gripping abilities. The deltoid muscle also has a potential for restoration of upper limb function, because its posterior portion can be used to restore elbow extension.

[A Palmar percutaneous volar versus a dorsal limited approach for the treatment of non- and minimally-displaced scaphoid waist fractures: an assessment of functional outcomes and complications].

Purpose Of The Study: Non-displaced or minimally displaced scaphoid waist fractures can be surgically treated using either the percutaneous volar or the limited dorsal approach.These techniques provide a possibility of early wrist physiotherapy throughout the healing period, better functional outcomes and a shorter sick leave duration.Many reports cite low complication rates.

Is the dorsal percutaneous approach well-founded for osteosynthesis of scaphoid fractures?

Aims: To compare complications associated with dorsal percutaneous and limited dorsal approaches in the surgical treatment of fractured scaphoid bone.

Methods: A total of 51 patients with acute type A2, B2 and B3 scaphoid fractures were treated by limited dorsal approach. During follow-up examinations we analysed the functional outcome and per- and post-operative complications, and we compared them with studies using the dorsal percutaneous approach.

[Proximal row carpectomy in the treatment of degenerative arthritis of the wrist].

Purpose Of The Study: To evaluate the outcome in patients treated by proximal row carpectomy at a follow-up of at least 12 months.

Material: A total of 28 patients were treated by proximal row carpectomy for degenerative arthritis of the wrist due to previous trauma to the wrist or avascular necrosis of the lunate. Of them, 24 underwent a follow-up examination at least 12 months post-operatively.

Complications during and after surgery of the lower cervical spine by isolated anterior approach with CSLP implant.

Background: The merits of different operative approaches in the management of spinal injury is debated. The aim of this study was to assess, retrospectively, the outcome of treatment of injuries of the lower cervical spine by an anterior approach, in terms of fusion rate and complications.

Materials And Methods: Between 1995 and 2004, 270 patients with an injury of the lower cervical spine were operated on by an anterior approach in our hospital.

Interlocking nailing of forearm fractures.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results after treating diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna with an interlocking intramedullary nail.

Materials And Methods: Between 2001 and 2005, 78 patients with 118 fractures were treated using the ForeSight intramedullary nail (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, USA). The average patient age was 37.

[Treatment of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck with a biaxial proximal femoral nail].

Background: Intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck are mostly treated using individual cancellous screws or a dynamic hip screw in combination with anti-rotational cancellous screws. The goal of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using proximal femoral nails for the surgical stabilisation of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck.

Methods: A total of 58 patients (30 male, 28 female) were evaluated in a retrospective study after a minimum postoperative follow-up of 24 months.

[Open posterior dislocation of the elbow with fractures of the radial head and coronoid process and multiple diaphyseal fractures of the ulna].

A healthy, right-handed 34-year-old man was injured by repeated direct blows delivered to his left upper arm with a baseball bat. These blows led to a posterior dislocation of the elbow joint, associated with fractures of the radial head and the coronoid process. There was bone loss on the fractured joint surface of the olecranon, with simultaneous ipsilateral trauma to the ulna.