Characterization of mint virus C, a new member of the genus Carlavirus.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a new carlavirus causing mosaic on mint plants in Italy, which we have tentatively named "mint virus C" (MVC). Flexuous particles of around 600 nm were observed using transmission electron microscopy, and next-generation sequencing was performed to determine the nucleotide sequence of the MVC genome, which was found to be 8558 nt long, excluding the poly(A) tail, and shows the typical organization of a carlavirus. The putative proteins encoded by MVC are 44-56% identical to the closest matches in the NCBI database, suggesting that MVC should be considered a member of a new species in the genus Carlavirus.

Evolution of a novel engineered tripartite viral genome of a torradovirus.

Viruses in the include monopartite and bipartite genomes, suggesting the possibility to study members of this family to experimentally address evolutionary transitions resulting in multipartitism. Torradoviruses are bipartite members of the family characterized by a genus-specific 5' open reading frame, named P21, encoded by RNA2. Here, in a study originally intended to verify if P21 can function , we attempted to provide P21 from a third P21-expressing construct under control of the 35S promoter and containing the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of wild-type (WT) RNA2.

New clades of viruses infecting the obligatory biotroph representing distinct evolutionary trajectory for viruses infecting oomycetes.

Recent advances in high throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches allowed a broad exploration of viromes from different fungal hosts, unveiling a great diversity of mycoviruses with interesting evolutionary features. The word mycovirus historically applies also to viruses infecting oomycetes but most studies are on viruses infecting fungi, with less mycoviruses found and characterized in oomycetes, particularly in the obligatory biotrophs. We, here, describe the first virome associated to , the causal agent of lettuce downy mildew, which is an important biotrophic pathogen for lettuce production and a model system for the molecular aspects of the plant-oomycetes interactions.

Raman-dielectrophoresis goes viral: towards a rapid and label-free platform for plant virus characterization.

An innovative spectroscopic method that allows to chemically and structurally characterize viruses directly in suspension within few minutes was developed. A library of five different plant viruses was obtained combining dielectrophoresis (DEP), performed with a device specifically designed to capture and agglomerate virus particles, and Raman spectroscopy to provide a chemical fingerprint of virions. The tested viruses, purified from infected plants, were chosen for their economic impact on horticultural crops and for their different morphological and structural features.

Presence of a Mitovirus Is Associated with Alteration of the Mitochondrial Proteome, as Revealed by Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and Co-Expression Network Models in Plants.

Plant mitoviruses belong to family and consist of positive single-stranded RNA genomes replicating exclusively in host mitochondria. We previously reported the biological characterization of a replicating plant mitovirus, designated Chenopodium quinoa mitovirus 1 (CqMV1), in some accessions. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial proteome from leaves of quinoa, infected and not infected by CqMV1.

Molecular Characterization and Taxonomic Assignment of Three Phage Isolates from a Collection Infecting pv. and pv. from Northern Italy.

Bacterial kiwifruit vine disease (  pv. , Psa) and halo blight of bean ( pv. , Pph) are routinely treated with copper, leading to environmental pollution and bacterial copper resistance.

Complexity and Local Specificity of the Virome Associated with Tospovirus-Transmitting Thrips Species.

Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips [WFT]) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips [OT]) are insect species that greatly impact horticultural crops through direct damage and their efficient vectoring of tomato spotted wilt virus and iris yellow spot virus. In this study, we collected thrips of these species from 12 field populations in various regions in Italy. We also included one field population of Neohydatothrips variabilis (soybean thrips [ST]) from the United States.

Oleosin Cor a 15 is a novel allergen for Italian hazelnut allergic children.

Background: Hazelnut allergy, which is characterized by symptoms that range from mild to severe, is one of the most common allergies in children throughout Europe, and an accurate diagnosis of this allergy is therefore essential. However, lipophilic allergens, such as oleosins, are generally underrepresented in diagnostic tests. We therefore sought to characterize the IgE reactivity of raw and roasted hazelnut oleosins, using the sera of hazelnut-allergic pediatric patients.

A new blunervirus infects tomato crops in Italy and Australia.

In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of a new blunervirus isolated from tomato plants grown in an open field in Italy in the fall of 2018. Like other blunerviruses, the RNA genome of this virus is quadripartite, positive-sense, and single-stranded. Excluding the polyA tail present in each segment, the RNAs 1 and 2 are 5790 nucleotides (nt) and 3621 nt in size, respectively, and each contains a single open reading frame (ORF).

Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Data Mining Approach to a Very Specific Constellation of Clinical Variables.

Pediatric acute onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder presenting with: unusually abrupt onset of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) or severe eating restrictions, with at least two concomitant cognitive, behavioral, or affective symptoms such as anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and irritability/depression. This study describes the clinical and laboratory variables of 39 children (13 female and 26 male) with a mean age at recruitment of 8.6 years (standard deviation 3.

A complex virome including two distinct emaraviruses associated with virus-like symptoms in Camellia japonica.

Camellia japonica plants manifesting a complex and variable spectrum of viral symptoms like chlorotic ringspots, necrotic rings, yellowing with necrotic rings, yellow mottle, leaves and petals deformations, and flower color-breaking have been studied since 1940, mainly by electron microscopic analyses; however, a strong correlation between the symptoms and one or more well-characterized viruses was never verified. In this work, samples collected from symptomatic plants were analyzed using the next-generation sequencing technique, and a complex virome composed of members of the Betaflexiviridae and Fimoviridae families was identified. In particular, the genomic fragments typical of the emaravirus group were organized in the genomes of two new emaraviruses species, tentatively named Camellia japonica-associated emaravirus 1 and 2.

Validation of Appropriate Use Criteria for Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography for Chest Pain Evaluation in a Tertiary Care Emergency Room.

Purpose: Appropriate use criteria (AUC) defines the appropriateness of imaging procedures for specific clinical scenarios to promote evidence-based utilization and improve cost-effective care. The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield and downstream health care resource utilization according to the AUC categorization for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in emergency department (ED) patients presenting with chest pain.

Materials And Methods: A total of 789 consecutive patients in the ED with chest pain and no known coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent CCTA were classified as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate use according to the 2010 AUC.

Scombroid Fish Poisoning Leading to Vasospastic Angina: A Rare Etiology of Chest Pain.

Chest pain is commonly reported in emergency departments, and a thorough clinical history is important in distinguishing the etiology. This case highlights Kounis syndrome, a histamine-mediated coronary vasospasm leading to myocardial injury, due to scombroid fish poisoning. ().

The mycovirome of a fungal collection from the sea cucumber Holothuria polii.

Holothuria polii is a marine animal with an important ecological and economic impact. In the present study we analysed the presence of mycoviruses associated to fungi that were isolated from different H. polii tissues.

Biological and Molecular Characterization of Chenopodium quinoa Mitovirus 1 Reveals a Distinct Small RNA Response Compared to Those of Cytoplasmic RNA Viruses.

Indirect evidence of mitochondrial viruses in plants comes from discovery of genomic fragments integrated into the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of a number of plant species. Here, we report the existence of replicating mitochondrial virus in plants: from transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data of infected , a plant species commonly used as a test plant in virus host range experiments, among other virus contigs, we could assemble a 2.7-kb contig that had highest similarity to mitoviruses found in plant genomes.

Mycoviruses mediate mycotoxin regulation in Aspergillus ochraceus.

To date, no demonstration of a direct correlation between the presence of mycoviruses and the quantitative or qualitative modulation of mycotoxins has been shown. In our study, we transfected a virus-free ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus with purified mycoviruses from a different A. ochraceus isolate and from Penicillium aurantiogriseum.

The Torradovirus-specific RNA2-ORF1 protein is necessary for plant systemic infection.

Tomato apex necrosis virus (ToANV, species Tomato marchitez virus, genus Torradovirus, family Secoviridae) causes a severe tomato disease in Mexico. One distinctive feature of torradoviruses compared with other members of the family Secoviridae is the presence of an additional open reading frame (ORF) in genomic RNA2 (denominated RNA2-ORF1), located upstream of ORF2. RNA2-ORF2 encodes a polyprotein that is processed into a putative movement protein and three capsid proteins (CPs).

Transmission of Penicillium aurantiogriseum partiti-like virus 1 to a new fungal host (Cryphonectria parasitica) confers higher resistance to salinity and reveals adaptive genomic changes.

We attempted to transfect six recently characterized virus species to protoplasts of Penicillium janczewskii and Chryphonectria parasitica. None of the recovered P. janczewskii colonies was positive for the transfected viruses, but Penicillium aurantiogriseum partiti-like virus 1 (PaPLV1) was detected in three distinct regenerated C.

Full-length genome sequence of the tospovirus melon severe mosaic virus.

The complete genome sequence of melon severe mosaic virus (MSMV), genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae, was determined. The small segment is 3283 nucleotide (nt) long and contains two open reading frames in an ambisense organization. The medium segment is 4873 nt long and also encodes two proteins in an ambisense organization.

Host-specific accumulation and temperature effects on the generation of dimeric viral RNA species derived from the S-RNA of members of the Tospovirus genus.

Polygonum ringspot virus (PolRSV) is a recently characterized Tospovirus reported in Italy. Northern blot analyses of PolRSV infections in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants showed that a viral RNA species with nearly twice the length of the Small genomic RNA (S-RNA) accumulated abundantly in the former host, but was not detected in the latter. Additional assays confirmed that biogenesis of this novel RNA species was common to all PolRSV isolates tested and also to an isolate of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV).

Molecular identification and biological characterization of a new potyvirus in lettuce.

A potyvirus causing necrosis and leaf distortion on lettuce was found in the Lazio region of Italy. Host range analysis showed its ability to infect only Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor in addition to some lettuce cultivars.

A new tobamovirus infecting tomato crops in Jordan.

In this study, we completed the whole genome sequence of a new tobamovirus isolated from tomato plants grown in greenhouses in Jordan during the spring of 2015. The 6393-nt single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genome encodes four proteins, as do other tobamoviruses: two replication-related proteins of 126 kDa and 183 kDa, a 30-kDa movement protein (MP) and a 17.5-kDa coat protein (CP).

Multiple approaches for the detection and characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of marine fungi.

The number of reported mycoviruses is increasing exponentially due to the current ability to detect mycoviruses using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, with a large number of viral genomes built in-silico using data from fungal transcriptome projects. We decided to screen a collection of fungi originating from a specific marine environment (associated with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica) for the presence of mycoviruses: our findings reveal a wealth of diversity among these symbionts and this complexity will require further studies to address their specific role in this ecological niche. In specific, we identified twelve new virus species belonging to nine distinct lineages: they are members of megabirnavirus, totivirus, chrysovirus, partitivirus and five still undefined clades.