Fecal microbiota transplantation from protozoa-exposed donors downregulates immune response in a germ-free mouse model, its role in immune response and physiology of the intestine.

Intestinal parasites are part of the intestinal ecosystem and have been shown to establish close interactions with the intestinal microbiota. However, little is known about the influence of intestinal protozoa on the regulation of the immune response. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of the immune response of germ-free mice transplanted with fecal microbiota (FMT) from individuals with multiple parasitic protozoans (P) and non-parasitized individuals (NP).

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Review of Complications Related to All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Trioxide Therapy.

The hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the presence of the characteristic fusion transcript of the promyelocytic leukemia gene with the retinoic acid receptor α gene (PML::RARA). The PML::RARA fusion is a molecular target for all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). Therapies based on ATRA plus ATO have excellent outcomes in terms of complete remission rates, overall survival, and achievement of deep and durable molecular responses with a very low incidence of relapse.

Microbiome changes under enteral deprivation are dynamic and dependent on intestinal location.

Background: The microbiome has a pivotal role in intestinal health, and nutrition has a major role shaping its structure. Enteral deprivation, in which no oral/enteral nutrition is administered, is common in hospitalized/gastrointestinal patients. The dynamics that enteral deprivation exerts on the microbial community, specifically in the small intestine, are not well understood.

Digital Electronic System-on-Chip Design: Methodologies, Tools, Evolution, and Trends.

This paper reviews the evolution of methodologies and tools for modeling, simulation, and design of digital electronic system-on-chip (SoC) implementations, with a focus on industrial electronics applications. Key technological, economic, and geopolitical trends are presented at the outset, before reviewing SoC design methodologies and tools. The fundamentals of SoC design flows are laid out.

Challenges in the Surgical Management of Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy.

Diabetes Mellitus represents a major socio-economic issue both by influencing the patient's quality of life and also considering the impact on the healthcare system. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the main complications associated, in most cases being present from the moment of diagnosis. Considering the high incidence of diabetes among patients with biliodigestive surgical conditions, a thorough analysis of the evolution and management of these patients is necessary.

The Effect of Nutrient Deprivation on Early Life Small Intestinal Mucosal Microbiome and Host Proteome.

Background: Nutrition plays a vital role in shaping the intestinal microbiome. However, many hospitalized children undergo periods of fasting during medical treatment. Changes to the small intestinal microbiota in early life in the setting of enteral deprivation have not been well described.

Microbiota-mediated effects of Parkinson's disease medications on Parkinsonian non-motor symptoms in male transgenic mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms and a loss of dopaminergic neurons, as well as a variety of non-motor symptoms, including constipation, depression, and anxiety. Recently, evidence has also accumulated for a link between gut microbiota and PD. Most PD patients are on dopamine replacement therapy, primarily a combination of L-DOPA and carbidopa; however, the effect of these medications on the microbiota and non-motor symptoms in PD is still unclear.

A novel pathway of levodopa metabolism by commensal Bifidobacteria.

The gold-standard treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa (L-DOPA), which is taken orally and absorbed intestinally. L-DOPA must reach the brain intact to exert its clinical effect; peripheral metabolism by host and microbial enzymes is a clinical management issue. The gut microbiota is altered in PD, with one consistent and unexplained observation being an increase in Bifidobacterium abundance among patients.

Case report: High-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia and COVID-19-related myocarditis one patient, two cytokine storms.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique, highly curable subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, owing to the therapeutic advances of the last decades which led to high complete remission rates and excellent long-term survival. Nevertheless, it remains associated with high early mortality rates. Early death is the major cause of treatment failure in APL and is mainly attributed to coagulopathy, differentiation syndrome, and less commonly, infectious events.

Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Events in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

: The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has acquired new targeted therapies. In clinical trials, ibrutinib improved outcomes safely. Real-world data called for a reappraisal of ibrutinib strategies.

Development of a data science CURE in microbiology using publicly available microbiome datasets.

Scientific and technological advances within the life sciences have enabled the generation of very large datasets that must be processed, stored, and managed computationally. Researchers increasingly require data science skills to work with these datasets at scale in order to convert information into actionable insights, and undergraduate educators have started to adapt pedagogies to fulfill this need. Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have emerged as a leading model for providing large numbers of students with authentic research experiences including data science.

Engineering bone-forming biohybrid sheets through the integration of melt electrowritten membranes and cartilaginous microspheroids.

Bone fractures are one of the most common traumatic large-organ injuries and although many fractures can heal on their own, 2-12% of fractures are slow healing or do not heal (non-unions). Autologous grafts are currently used for treatment of non-unions but are associated with limited healthy bone tissue. Tissue engineered cell-based products have promise for an alternative treatment method.

Gastric acid and escape to systemic circulation represent major bottlenecks to host infection by Citrobacter rodentium.

The gastrointestinal (GI) environment plays a critical role in shaping enteric infections. Host environmental factors create bottlenecks, restrictive events that reduce the genetic diversity of invading bacterial populations. However, the identity and impact of bottleneck events on bacterial infection are largely unknown.

Effects of Gut Microbiota Alterations on Motor, Gastrointestinal, and Behavioral Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multi-system disorder consisting of not only classic motor symptoms but also a variety of non-motor symptoms including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and mood disorders. The gut microbiota has been suggested to play a role in modulating PD motor and non-motor features, although the causality and mechanisms behind these proposed interactions remains largely understudied.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to provide in-depth characterization of an established mouse model of PD (transgenic (TG) SNCA A53T) and experimentally address how changes to the gut microbiota impact the PD-like phenotype.

Type VI secretion systems of pathogenic and commensal bacteria mediate niche occupancy in the gut.

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contractile nanomachine widely distributed among pathogenic and commensal Gram-negative bacteria. The T6SS is used for inter-bacterial competition to directly kill competing species; however, its importance during bacterial infection in vivo remains poorly understood. We report that the murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, used as a model for human pathogenic Escherichia coli, harbors two functional T6SSs.

The Oral and Fecal Microbiota in a Canadian Cohort of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Despite decades of research, our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology remains incomplete. In recent years, appreciation has grown for potential roles for the microbiota in shaping neurological health.

Objective: This study aimed to examine associations between the microbiota and AD in a human cross-sectional cohort.

Gut microbes shape microglia and cognitive function during malnutrition.

Fecal-oral contamination promotes malnutrition pathology. Lasting consequences of early life malnutrition include cognitive impairment, but the underlying pathology and influence of gut microbes remain largely unknown. Here, we utilize an established murine model combining malnutrition and iterative exposure to fecal commensals (MAL-BG).

Gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease: New insights from meta-analysis.

Background: Gut microbiome alterations have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD), but with heterogenous findings, likely due to differences in study methodology and population. We investigated the main microbiome alterations in PD, their correlations with disease severity, and the impact of study and geographical differences.

Methods: After systematic screening, raw 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from ten case-control studies totaling 1703 subjects (969 PD, 734 non-PD controls; seven predominantly Caucasian and three predominantly non-Caucasian cohorts).

Cross-feeding between intestinal pathobionts promotes their overgrowth during undernutrition.

Child undernutrition is a global health issue associated with a high burden of infectious disease. Undernourished children display an overabundance of intestinal pathogens and pathobionts, and these bacteria induce enteric dysfunction in undernourished mice; however, the cause of their overgrowth remains poorly defined. Here, we show that disease-inducing human isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidales spp.

Assessment of the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

The increased incidence of both colorectal cancer and diabetes mellitus, as well as the fact that they are important causes of high morbidity and especially mortality, place the two pathologies on the list of priorities of the health system. There are studies which have observed that diabetes mellitus is directly involved in carcinogenesis and is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer. The diabetic patient requires a complex medical-surgical approach, so setting the risk criteria for them can be the starting point for improving the survival rate.

N-Acetylaspartate Biomarker of Stroke Recovery: A Case Series Study.

Background And Purpose: Strong experimental neurobehavioral evidence suggests that intensive training improves arm motor disability after stroke. Yet, we still have only limited understanding why some patients recover more completely and others do not. This is in part due to our limited knowledge of the neurobiological principles of recovery from stroke.

Early Complications after Gastrectomies for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.

The post-operative results as well as the short and middle-term outcome of surgical procedures for gastric cancer depend on several general and local conditions, mainly on the stage of neoplasia. Delayed diagnosis and intervention are correlated with a high rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality. 76 consecutive patients underwent surgical treatment for gastric cancer over a time span of 5 years (2015-2019), in the 1st Surgical Department of "Dr.

Bacterial-fungal interactions in the neonatal gut influence asthma outcomes later in life.

Bacterial members of the infant gut microbiota and bacterial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to be protective against childhood asthma, but a role for the fungal microbiota in asthma etiology remains poorly defined. We recently reported an association between overgrowth of the yeast in the gut microbiota of Ecuadorian infants and increased asthma risk. In the present study, we replicated these findings in Canadian infants and investigated a causal association between early life gut fungal dysbiosis and later allergic airway disease (AAD).

MIND and Mediterranean Diets Associated with Later Onset of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The MIND diet has been linked with prevention of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline but has not been fully assessed in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of the present study was to determine whether MIND diet adherence is associated with the age of Parkinson's disease onset in a manner superior to that of the Mediterranean diet.

Methods: Food Frequency Questionnaires from 167 participants with PD and 119 controls were scored for MIND and 2 versions of Mediterranean diet adherence.