Temporal trends and space-time distribution of leprosy relapse in Brazil from 2001 to 2021.

Background: To analyse the temporal trends and spatiotemporal distribution of leprosy relapse in Brazil from 2001 to 2021.

Methods: An ecological study with a temporal trend approach and space-time analysis of leprosy relapse in Brazil was carried out with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System.

Results: A total of 31 334 patients who experienced leprosy relapse were identified.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of a novel algorithm to sequentially diagnose leprosy based on manufactured tests under the SUS perspective.

Brazil has the second largest number of leprosy cases (a disease with a significant burden) in the world. Despite global and local efforts to eliminate this public health problem, inadequate or late diagnosis contribute to perpetuate its transmission, especially among household contacts. Tests such as the rapid IgM antibody detection (RT) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were developed to overcome the challenges of early diagnosis of leprosy.

New insights at the interface between leprosy and immune-mediated rheumatic diseases.

Leprosy is an infectious and contagious disease of slow evolution, triggered by . Arthritis is its third most common manifestation, after cutaneous and peripheral nerve involvement. Since musculoskeletal symptoms may be the initial presentation of the disease, it is important for health professionals to recognize its rheumatic manifestations for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, especially in endemic areas.

Elevated serum IL-6 levels predict treatment interruption in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: a 6-year real-world cohort study.

Background: Real-world, primary data on the treatment of psoriasis are scarce, especially concerning the role of soluble biomarkers as outcome predictors.

Objective: The authors evaluated the utility of Th1/Th17 serum cytokines along with clinical characteristics as predictors of drug survival in the treatment of psoriasis.

Methods: The authors consecutively included participants with moderate to severe psoriasis who were followed up for 6 years.

Tungiasis in the Sanumás Amerindians in the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil: Prevalence, Intensity and Morbidity.

Background: Tungiasis is a disease associated with extreme poverty. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tungiasis in six different settlements of the Sanumás indigenous community in a remote area in the Auaris region, Yanomami territory, Brazil.

Methods: We conducted an observational study to detect clinical and epidemiological factors associated with tungiasis using a cross-sectional strategy and multivariate logistic regression.

Neuroimaging assessment of pediatric cerebral changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection and perinatal neurologic outcomes are still not fully understood. However, there is recent evidence of white matter disease and impaired neurodevelopment in newborns following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. These appear to occur as a consequence of both direct viral effects and a systemic inflammatory response, with glial cell/myelin involvement and regional hypoxia/microvascular dysfunction.

Effectiveness and safety of multidrug therapy containing clofazimine for paucibacillary leprosy and clarithromycin for rifampicin-resistant leprosy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate leprosy cure and relapse rates as primary outcomes related to two additional strategies for leprosy treatment: clofazimine for paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients and clarithromycin for patients with rifampicin-resistant leprosy.

Methods: We conducted two systematic reviews (protocols CRD42022308272 and CRD42022308260). We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Virtual Health Library and Cochrane Library databases, registers of clinical trial databases and gray literature.

High prevalence of mental disorder symptoms among medical and other health specialties residents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic put healthcare professionals, including residents (postgraduate trainees of health professions), under intense physical and psychological stress, hence at risk for mental disorders. We evaluated the prevalence of mental disorders among healthcare residents during the pandemic.

Methods: From July to September 2020, residents in medicine and other healthcare specialties in Brazil were recruited.

Panoramic snapshot of serum soluble mediator interplay in pregnant women with convalescent COVID-19: an exploratory study.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy can induce changes in the maternal immune response, with effects on pregnancy outcome and offspring. This is a cross-sectional observational study designed to characterize the immunological status of pregnant women with convalescent COVID-19 at distinct pregnancy trimesters. The study focused on providing a clear snapshot of the interplay among serum soluble mediators.

Edible Plant Extracts against and Validation of a L. Ethanolic Extract as a Natural Insecticide.

The mosquito significantly impacts public health, with vector control remaining the most efficient means of reducing the number of arboviral disease cases. This study screened the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of common edible plant extracts. L.

Measuring educational neglect using the Q method: A model based on the burden of disseminated tungiasis.

Background: A paramount factor in the control of neglected tropical diseases from both medical and social aspects is education. New strategies must be constantly pursued to test and provide educational information related to diseases affecting vulnerable populations. We applied the Q method as a model to measure educational neglect based on the burden of disseminated tungiasis.

Unbalanced networks and disturbed kinetics of serum soluble mediators associated with distinct disease outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients.

The present study applied distinct models of descriptive analysis to explore the integrative networks and the kinetic timeline of serum soluble mediators to select a set of systemic biomarkers applicable for the clinical management of COVID-19 patients. For this purpose, a total of 246 participants (82 COVID-19 and 164 healthy controls - HC) were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Serum soluble mediators were quantified by high-throughput microbeads array on hospital admission (D0) and at consecutive timepoints (D1-6 and D7-20).

Meglumine antimoniate was associated with a higher cure rate than liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis: A retrospective cohort study from a -endemic area.

Background: Pentavalent antimonials (PAs) are the primary therapeutic option for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). However, the use of these drugs is complicated by adverse events (AEs), resistance and contraindications. Alternative therapies relative effectiveness is not well established.

Multiparametric analysis of host and parasite elements in new world tegumentary leishmaniasis.

Tegumentary leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genus Clinically, the disease presents a broad spectrum of symptoms, the mechanisms underlying the development of lesions remaining to be fully elucidated. In the present work, we performed a correlation and multiparametric analysis to evaluate how parasite- and host-related aspects associate with each other, and with the different clinical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis. This cross-sectional study involved 75 individuals from endemic areas of Brazil, grouped according to their symptoms.