Ultrasound of scrotal and penile emergency: how, why and when.

High-resolution ultrasound is the most common imaging technique used to supplement the physical examination of scrotum and penis with great accuracy in assisting the diagnosis of the various pathologies of male genital system, with the highest diagnostic potential in emergency conditions. Technical advancements in real-time high-resolution, color flow Doppler sonography and contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) have led to an increase in the clinical applications of scrotal and penile sonography. In this pictorial review we focus on common and uncommon male genitalia emergency with special emphasis on the role of ultrasound assessment and its specific findings to improve diagnostic accuracy.

The lung ultrasound: facts or artifacts? In the era of COVID-19 outbreak.

Ultrasound is the most disruptive innovation in intensive care life, above all in this time, with a high diagnostic value when applied appropriately. In recent years, point-of-care lung ultrasound has gained significant popularity as a diagnostic tool in the acutely dyspnoeic patients. In the era of Sars-CoV-2 outbreak, lung ultrasound seems to be strongly adapting to the follow-up for lung involvement of patients with ascertaining infections, till to be used, in our opinion emblematically, as a screening test in suspected patients at the emergency triage or at home medical visit.

High-flow post-traumatic priapism: diagnostic and therapeutic workup.

Priapism is a prolonged penile tumescence or erection unrelated to sexual stimulation that lasts more than 6 h. High-flow priapism is a rare condition usually due to a perineal trauma with the formation of an arterio-cavernosal fistula between a cavernosal artery and the lacunar spaces of the penis. High-flow priapism is usually diagnosed by clinical examination and color Doppler ultrasound, and the gold standard therapeutic management is represented by digital subtraction angiography.

Insight into Dunbar syndrome: color-Doppler ultrasound findings and literature review.

Dunbar syndrome, also known as median arcuate ligament syndrome, is a rare clinical condition due to the external compression of the celiac trunk by the median arcuate ligament causing abdominal angina. We report a case of Dunbar syndrome and its borderline imaging findings focused on the crucial diagnostic role of color-Doppler ultrasound. We also reviewed the current literature, delineating the clinical manifestations and the diagnostic workup of the Dunbar syndrome with the objective to increase the knowledge of this clinical entity as a cause of postprandial abdominal pain and to underline the pivotal role of color-Doppler ultrasound to avoid incorrect or delayed diagnosis.

Paediatric liver ultrasound: a pictorial essay.

Ultrasound scan is a painless and radiation-free imaging modality and, therefore, it is widely considered the first-choice diagnostic tool in the setting of hepatopathies in paediatric patients. This article focuses on the normal ultrasound anatomy of the liver in neonatal and paediatric age and reviews the ultrasound appearance of the most common diffuse and focal liver affections.

Non-Operative Management of Blunt Liver Trauma: Safety, Efficacy and Complications of a Standardized Treatment Protocol.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of NOM (non-operative management) in the treatment of blunt liver trauma, following a standardized treatment protocol.

Methods: All the hemodynamically stable patients with computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of blunt liver trauma underwent NOM. It included strict clinical and laboratory observation, 48-72h contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) or CT follow-up, a primary angioembolization in case of admission CT evidence of vascular injuries and a secondary angioembolization in presence of vascular injuries signs at follow-up CEUS.

Effect of Annurca Apple Polyphenols on Intermittent Claudication in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic process involving both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Prospective cohort studies show that patients with PAD have a 6-fold greater risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those without PAD. Currently, there is no effective treatment for PAD.

Pediatric encephalic ultrasonography: the essentials.

Nowadays, cranial ultrasonography (US) of the newborn represents the first imaging method in brain damage study and its possible outcomes. This exam is performed using the natural fontanelles, especially the anterior one. It is fast, non-invasive and does not produce any side effect.

Ultrasonography of the pediatric spleen: a pictorial essay.

In infants and children, the spleen is involved in many pathological processes, whether those processes are isolated or related to systemic diseases. Pathology of the pediatric spleen includes congenital anomalies, splenomegaly, trauma, focal lesions, infarction, and tumors. Ultrasonography (US) is a widely available, fast, noninvasive imaging technique to assess the size, shape, and position of the spleen, as well as to define splenic echotexture.

Learning from diagnostic errors: a good way to improve education in radiology.

Purpose: To evaluate the causes and the main categories of diagnostic errors in radiology as a method for improving education in radiology.

Material And Methods: A Medline search was performed using PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) for original research publications discussing errors in diagnosis with specific reference to radiology. The search strategy employed different combinations of the following terms: (1) diagnostic radiology, (2) radiological error and (3) medical negligence.

E-learning and education in radiology.

Purpose: To evaluate current applications of e-learning in radiology.

Material And Methods: A Medline search was performed using PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) for publications discussing the applications of e-learning in radiology. The search strategy employed a single combination of the following terms: (1) e-learning, and (2) education and (3) radiology.

Using color power Doppler ultrasound imaging to diagnose the acute scrotum. A pictorial essay.

Acute nontraumatic scrotum represents one of the most important emergencies in the male population. Etiology of the acute scrotum greatly varies, but the most common causes include testicular torsion and inflammatory disease. Currently, the most successful diagnostic imaging is ultrasound integrated by the application of color power Doppler.

Role of multidetector row computed tomography in the assessment of adrenal gland injuries.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of adrenal injuries in a group of patients submitted to multidetector row CT evaluation after blunt trauma and to assess the impact of CT findings on clinical management decisions.

Materials And Method: During a 4-year period, 2026 emergency CT examinations were performed in the setting of major blunt trauma. A total of 82 patients were retrospectively identified as having adrenal gland traumatic lesions.

Color power Doppler US and contrast-enhanced US features of abdominal solid organ injuries.

Utilization of color power Doppler and sonographic contrast agents to basic ultrasound (US) further improve the detection and characterization of abdominal injuries, increasing the diagnostic accuracy and value of US as an important technique in the evaluation of the abdominal trauma. This paper provides an illustrated summary of our clinical experience with color power Doppler US (CD-US) and contrast-enhanced US (CE-US) in the evaluation of abdominal solid organ injuries, involving 32 documented cases over a 2-year period. The findings of the CD-US and CE-US were compared with those provided by state-of-the-art contrast-enhanced multidetector 16-row CT.

Carotid artery stiffness in obese children with the metabolic syndrome.

Obesity and overweight have been associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness and stiffness in adults and children. Overweight and obesity have also been associated with an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that obese children with the MS have increased rigidity of their arteries compared with obese children without the MS.

Preclinical changes in the mechanical properties of abdominal aorta in obese children.

Obesity in childhood has been associated with the development of early cardiovascular abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether preclinical functional changes are detectable in the abdominal aorta of obese children. One hundred consecutively seen obese children and 50 healthy controls were studied.

Helical CT diagnosis of small bowel obstruction in the acute clinical setting.

Definite confirmation or exclusion closed loop obstruction (CLO) is one of the most difficult tasks the radiologist has to face in the clinical practice. Aim of this retrospective work was to study the value of spiral computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of closed loop obstruction complicated by intestinal ischemia. The state of the art CT signs of closed loop obstruction were taken into consideration.